Chapter 4 - Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All chemical reactions occurring in the body

Question 2

Enzymes

Answer 2

Proteins that speed up metabolic reactions

Question 3

Catalyze

Answer 3

Speed up the break down of chemical bonds

Question 4

Activation energy

Answer 4

energy required to start the metabolic reaction serves as a barrier to catalysis

Question 5

Substrate

Answer 5

The substance upon which an enzyme reacts

Question 6

Active site

Answer 6

region of the enzyme where the substrate binds

Question 7

Induced fit

Answer 7

shape change by the enzyme in response to substrate binding results in stress being placed on the bonds of the substrate

Question 8

Specificity

Answer 8

Phenomenon of enzyme shape determining the reaction the enzyme catalyzes

Question 9

Metabolic rate

Answer 9

Measure of a person’s energy use

Question 10

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 10

Energy use of a wakeful person at rest

Question 11

Cellular respiration

Answer 11

a series of metabolic reactions that converts the energy stored in chemical bonds of food into energy that cells can use, while releasing waste products

Question 12

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 12

A nucleotide composed of adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups that can be hydrolyzed to release energy. Form of energy that cells can use

Question 13

Phosphorylation

Answer 13

The transfer of a phosphate group from one ATP to another molecule

Question 14

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 14

A nucleotide composed of adenine, a sugar, and two phosphate groups. Produced by the hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate bond of ATP

Question 15

Aerobic respiration

Answer 15

Cellular respiration that uses oxygen as the electron acceptor

Question 16

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 16

The process of generating energy in the absence of oxygen

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

A process that makes a small amount of ATP from glucose without using an electron transport chain

Question 18

NAD+

Answer 18

Chemical electron carrier used in cellular respiration

Question 19

NADH

Answer 19

NAD+ picks up one hydrogen ion and an electron

Question 20

Glycosis

Answer 20

Chemical reaction in cellular respiration in which 6-carbon glucose is broken down into two 3-carbon pyruvate in the cytosol of the cell, producing 2 ATP’s

Question 21

Citric acid cycle

Answer 21

A series of catalyzed chemical reactions that take place in the matrix of the mitochondria, breaking down pyruvic acid electrons are harvested for ATP and the carbons are released as carbon dioxide

Question 22

Electron transport chain

Answer 22

A series of proteins embedded into the inner membrane of the mitochondria and moves electrons from one protein to the next to generate ATP

Question 23

ATP synthase

Answer 23

Enzyme that uses the energy generated by the rushing H+ ions to synthesize 26 ATP from ADP and phosphate