Chapter 4 Enzymes and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Bioenergetics

Answer 1

The study of how cells are able to conserve energy

Question 2

Exergonic Reaction

Answer 2

A reaction that releases energy and has its products with less energy than its reactants

Question 3

Endergonic Reaction

Answer 3

This is a reaction that absorbs energy and its products have more energy than its reactants

Question 4

Activation Energy

Answer 4

The energy needed to start a reaction

Question 5

Enzyme Specificity

Answer 5

When one enzyme catalyzes one specific reation

Question 6

Induced fit

Answer 6

When the substrates bind to the enzyme, the enzyme changes shape to fit around them

Question 7

Cofactors

Answer 7

Inorganic elements that helped to catalyze the reactions

Question 8

Denaturing Enzymes

Answer 8

In extreme temperatures and extreme pH’s, many enzymes can be denatured

Question 9

Allosteric Inhibition

Answer 9

A region of the enzyme other than the active site in which a substance can bind

Question 10

Allosteric Regulators

Answer 10

Substances that can inhibit or activate enzymes

Question 11

Allosteric Inhibitor

Answer 11

Bind to the allosteric region and places the enzyme in an inactive form

Question 12

Feedback inhibition

Answer 12

Formation of the end product inhibits the earlier reactions

Question 13

Competitive Inhibition

Answer 13

When another substance can bind to the active site thereby competing with the substrate to inactivate the enzyme

Question 14

non-competitive inhibition

Answer 14

when a substance binds to a region other than the active site and changes the enzyme to the inactive form

Question 15

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 15

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed

Question 16

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 16

Energy leads to less organization, and the universe tends to more disorder

Question 17

Aerobic respiration

Answer 17

When ATP is made in the presence of oxygen

Question 18

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 18

When ATP is made without oxygen

Question 19

Cellular Respiration Steps

Answer 19

Glycolysis
Formation of Acetyl CoA
Krebs Cyle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- ETC
- Chemiosmosis

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

Where glucose is broken down into two pyruvates
Occurs in the cytosol
Glucose + 2ATP + 2NAD + –> 2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2 NADH

Question 21

Formation of Acetyl CoA

Answer 21

In mitochondria

2 Pyruvate + 2 Coenzyme A +2NAD+ –> 2 Acetyl CoA + 2NADH + 2 CO2

Question 22

Krebs Cycle

Answer 22

1 Pyruvate= 1 ATP + 3 NADH + 1 FADH2

Question 23

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 23

Oxygen pulls the electrons through the electron transport chain because oxygen is a great electron acceptor
Aerobic Respiration

Question 24

Chemiosmosis

Answer 24

As electrons go through the ETC, they are forcing protons against their gradient thereby creating a proton motive force
Protons can only leave this membrane through the enzyme ATP synthase
Uses the energy from the proton motive force to create 32 ATP

Question 25

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 25

Fermentation- When pyruvate is converted to lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide