Chapter 4 Enzymes and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Bioenergetics

A

The study of how cells are able to conserve energy

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2
Q

Exergonic Reaction

A

A reaction that releases energy and has its products with less energy than its reactants

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3
Q

Endergonic Reaction

A

This is a reaction that absorbs energy and its products have more energy than its reactants

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4
Q

Activation Energy

A

The energy needed to start a reaction

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5
Q

Enzyme Specificity

A

When one enzyme catalyzes one specific reation

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6
Q

Induced fit

A

When the substrates bind to the enzyme, the enzyme changes shape to fit around them

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7
Q

Cofactors

A

Inorganic elements that helped to catalyze the reactions

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8
Q

Denaturing Enzymes

A

In extreme temperatures and extreme pH’s, many enzymes can be denatured

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9
Q

Allosteric Inhibition

A

A region of the enzyme other than the active site in which a substance can bind

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10
Q

Allosteric Regulators

A

Substances that can inhibit or activate enzymes

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11
Q

Allosteric Inhibitor

A

Bind to the allosteric region and places the enzyme in an inactive form

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12
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

Formation of the end product inhibits the earlier reactions

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13
Q

Competitive Inhibition

A

When another substance can bind to the active site thereby competing with the substrate to inactivate the enzyme

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14
Q

non-competitive inhibition

A

when a substance binds to a region other than the active site and changes the enzyme to the inactive form

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15
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed

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16
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy leads to less organization, and the universe tends to more disorder

17
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

When ATP is made in the presence of oxygen

18
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

When ATP is made without oxygen

19
Q

Cellular Respiration Steps

A
Glycolysis
Formation of Acetyl CoA
Krebs Cyle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- ETC
- Chemiosmosis
20
Q

Glycolysis

A

Where glucose is broken down into two pyruvates
Occurs in the cytosol
Glucose + 2ATP + 2NAD + –> 2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2 NADH

21
Q

Formation of Acetyl CoA

A

In mitochondria

2 Pyruvate + 2 Coenzyme A +2NAD+ –> 2 Acetyl CoA + 2NADH + 2 CO2

22
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

1 Pyruvate= 1 ATP + 3 NADH + 1 FADH2

23
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

Oxygen pulls the electrons through the electron transport chain because oxygen is a great electron acceptor
Aerobic Respiration

24
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

As electrons go through the ETC, they are forcing protons against their gradient thereby creating a proton motive force
Protons can only leave this membrane through the enzyme ATP synthase
Uses the energy from the proton motive force to create 32 ATP

25
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

Fermentation- When pyruvate is converted to lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide