Chapter 3 Biochemistry

Question 1

Properties of Water

Answer 1

1. Polar and able to dissolve other polar substances
2. Adhesion
3. Cohesion
4. High heat capacity

Question 2

Alkaline Solution

Answer 2

Basic Solution where there are many OH- ions in the solution

Question 3

Organic compounds

Answer 3

Molecules that contain a skeleton of carbon atoms

Question 4

Inorganic compounds

Answer 4

Molecules that do not contain a carbon skeleton, with the exception of CO2

Question 5

4 Organic Compounds

Answer 5

Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

CnH2nOn

Categorized as monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 7

Monosaccharides

Answer 7

glucose and fructose

six carbon sugars

Question 8

Disaccharides

Answer 8

Maltose
Created through dehydration synthesis
Forms a glycosidic bond
To create two monosaccharides, it must do hydrolsis by adding a water

Question 9

Polysaccharides

Answer 9

Common polysaccharides are starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Glycogen- how glucose is stored in muscles in humans
Plants store starch in structures called plastids

Question 10

Why can’t humans digest cellulose?

Answer 10

Humans can digest polymers with α-glucose, but they cannot digest polymers with the β-glucose.
Starch has α-glucose bonds so it is digested
cellulose has β glucose bonds so it is not digested

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

Made up of amino acids
Contains C, H, and O
20 different amino acids

Question 12

Different parts of amino acids

Answer 12

Amine group
Carboxyl Group
Hydrogen
R- Group

Question 13

Dipeptide

Answer 13

Two amino acids that are bonded together with a peptide bond
This is the bond that forms between two amino acids
Happens through dehydration synthesis

Question 14

Order of molecules

Answer 14

amino acid- dipeptide- polypeptide- protein

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

Ex. fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids

Steroids contain 4 linked carbon rings

Question 16

Triglyceride

Answer 16

Glycerol attached to three fatty acids
These bonds are called ester linkages
Each fatty acid has to be joined to the glycerol includes through dehydration synthesis

Question 17

Saturated/Unsaturated

Answer 17

Saturated- Where all the carbons and hydrogens are connected by single bonds
Unsaturated- Where there is a double bond between two carbons
Polyunsaturated- Multiple double bonds between carbons

Question 18

Phospholipids

Answer 18

This is a molecule with a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails
Phosphate head is hydrophillic
fatty acid tails are hydrophobic

Question 19

Amphipathic

Answer 19

Molecule that has both hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions

Question 20

Nucleic Acids

Answer 20

CHNOP
made up of nucleotides
RNA and DNA

Question 21

Oparin and Haldane

Answer 21

Proposed that the early atmosphere contained CH4 (Methane), NH3 (Ammonia), H2(Hydrogen), and H2(Hydrogen)

Question 22

Miller and Urey

Answer 22

Experiment in which the water was heated and put in a chamber with ammonia and methane, and sparks were added. After this the water was examined for organic compounds

Question 23

heterotrophs

Answer 23

rely on organic compounds for food

Question 24

autotrophs

Answer 24

organisms that create their own food