Chapter 4 Energy of Life

Question 1

Potential energy

Answer 1

Stored energy that is available to work

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

Energy being used to do work

Question 3

What is a calorie?

Answer 3

A measure of the energy in food, equal to 1000 calories or 1 food calorie

Question 4

What is metabolism?

Answer 4

All chemical reactions in a cell

Question 5

Energy is required in ___ and it is released in ____

Answer 5

Dehydration synthesis; hydrolysis

Question 6

Oxidation is

Answer 6

The loss of electrons

Question 7

Reduction is

Answer 7

Taking in electrons

Question 8

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 8

membrane bound molecular complex that shuttles electrons to slowly extract their energy

Question 9

What is ATP?

Answer 9

Adenosine triphosphate,

Question 10

What does ATP do

Answer 10

Temporarily stores energy

Question 11

ATP is broken down in hydrolysis into:

Answer 11

ADP + Energy

Question 12

ADP + P + Energy =

Answer 12

ATP + H2O

Question 13

ATP is central to biology because it

Answer 13

plays a role in coupled reactions

Question 14

What are coupled reactions?

Answer 14

Two simultaneous chemical reactions

Question 15

What is an enzyme?

Answer 15

An organic molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction without being consumed

Question 16

Enzymes increase speed by lowering:

Answer 16

activation energy

Question 17

What is activation energy

Answer 17

Energy required for a chemical reaction to begin

Question 18

What is an enzyme’s active site?

Answer 18

The part of an enzyme to which substrates bind

Question 19

What is negative feedback (feedback inhibition)?

Answer 19

regulatory mechanism where a change in a condition triggers action that reverses the change

Question 20

What is noncompetitive inhibition?

Answer 20

change in an enzymes shape occurring when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site

Question 21

What is competitive inhibition?

Answer 21

change in an enzyme’s activity occurring when an inhibitor binds to the active site, competing with the enzyme’s normal substrate

Question 22

What is selective permeability?

Answer 22

A membrane’s ability to accept some substances and reject others

Question 23

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 23

Difference in solute concentrations in two adjacent regions

Question 24

What is passive transport?

Answer 24

Movement of a solute across a membrane without direct energy spending

Question 25

What is diffusion?

Answer 25

Movement of a substance from a region where it is highly concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated

Question 26

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 26

A form of passive transport where moves down its concentration gradient without the use of protein

Question 27

What is Osmosis?

Answer 27

Simple diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 28

What is Isotonic?

Answer 28

When solute concentration is the same on both sides of a membrane

Question 29

What is hypotonic?

Answer 29

When solute concentration is less than the other side of a membrane

Question 30

What is hypertonic?

Answer 30

When solute concentration is more than the other side of a membrane

Question 31

What is turgor pressure?

Answer 31

The force of water pushing on a cell

Question 32

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 32

Form of passive transport where a substance moves down the concentration gradient WITH the aid of a protein

Question 33

What is active transport?

Answer 33

Movement of substance across a membrane with ATP and aid from a carrier protein

Question 34

What is a sodium-potassium-pump?

Answer 34

A protein that uses ATP energy to transport Na+ out of cells and K+ into cells

Question 35

What is endocytosis?

Answer 35

Form of transport where a membrane engulfs a substance

Question 36

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 36

Form of endocytosis where a cell engulfs a large particle

Question 37

What is exocytosis?

Answer 37

Form of transport where a cell spits something out