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Biology 104 > Chapter 3 Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Cell Theory?

A

The idea that all living matter consists of cells

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2
Q

What is a confocal microscope?

A

A microscope that focuses a laser to increase resolution

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3
Q

What is a transmission electron microscope?

A

A microscope that sends a beam of electrons through a thin slice of a speciment

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4
Q

What is a scanning electron microscope?

A

A microscope that scans a beam of electrons over the surface of a metal-coated three-dimensional specimen

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5
Q

DNA

A

Nucleic acid responsible for genetic information

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6
Q

RNA

A

Nucleic acid that participates in protein production

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7
Q

Ribosome

A

Structure that manufactures proteins

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

All cell contents except for the nucleus

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9
Q

Cytosol

A

The fluid portion of cytoplasm

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10
Q

Cell (plasma) membrane

A

Structure that separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding environment

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11
Q

What allows bacteria to move/swim?

A

Their tails called Flagella

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12
Q

What is a cell membrane composed of?

A

Phospholipids

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13
Q

In a phospholipid, glycerol binds to how many fatty acids

A

Two. the third carbon binds to a phosphate group

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14
Q

What are transport proteins

A

Proteins that create passageways for ions, glucose, and other polar substances

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15
Q

What are recognition proteins?

A

Carbs attached to a cell surface protein to help the immune system recognize its own cells

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16
Q

What are adhesion proteins?

A

They help cells stick to each other

17
Q

What are receptor proteins?

A

Bind molecules outside the cell and trigger a response INSIDE the cell

18
Q

What is the endomembrane system?

A

Eukaryotic organelles that exchange materials in transport vesicles

19
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A

The two membranes bounding a cells nucleus

20
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER?

A

A network of sacs and tubules composed of membranes

21
Q

What part of the ER are proteins synthesized?

A

The rough endoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

What part of the ER are lipids produced, and detoxifies poisons

A

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

23
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus

A

A series of flattened sacs, proteins are sorted and processed as they move through the Golgi Apparatus

24
Q

What are Lysosomes?

A

Enzymatically dismantles molecules, bacteria, and worn out cell parts. Buds from the Golgi Apparatus,

25
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

A membrane-bounded storage sac in the cell.

26
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

Membrane-bounded sacs that house enzymes that break down fatty acid and dispose of toxic chemicals

27
Q

What do mitochondria do?

A

Extracts energy from nutrients, houses the reactions of cellular respiration in eukaryotes.

(ATP)

28
Q

What is chloroplast?

A

The site of photosynthesis

29
Q

What is a cytoskeleton?

A

A framework of protein rods and tubules in eukaryotic cells

30
Q

What are the three major components of cytoskeletons?

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

31
Q

What is a microfilament?

A

Composed of a protein, actin, important for muscle contraction, stretching, and compressiong

32
Q

What are intermediate filaments?

A

Varies in protein form. Help maintain cells shape, and helps bind cells together

33
Q

What are microtubules?

A

Forms a trackway along which substances move within a cell.

34
Q

What are centrosomes?

A

Part of the cell that organizes microtubules

35
Q

What are cilia?

A

Short, numerous extensions, allows for the cells to swim

36
Q

What are plasmodesmata?

A

Channels that connect adjacent cells

37
Q

What fuses animal cells together?

A

Tight junctions that prevent fluid from flowing past the cell

Anchoring junctions anchor skin cells in place intermediate filaments

Gap junctions allow cytoplasm to flow between them

Biology 104 (3 decks)

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