Chapter 2 macromolecules Flashcards
What is a polymer?
A long molecule composed of similar subunits (monomers)
What is a monomer?
A single unit of polymer
What is dehydration synthesis?
The formation of a covalent bond between two molecules, formed by the loss of water
What is hydrolysis?
Breaks the covalent bond that links monomers
What are carbohydrates
A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in a 1:2:1 ratio
What is the simplest form of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What is a monosaccharide?
A sugar molecule that contains five-six carbon atoms, it is the simplest form of carb
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides joined together
What are chains of monosaccharides called?
Complex carbohydrates
What are polysaccharides?
Huge molecules with hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide monomers
What is protein?
A polymer consisting of amino acids folding into a functional three-dimensional shape
What is a covalent bond that binds two amino acids together?
Peptide Bond
What is an R group?
Amino acid side chain
What are the four levels of protein folding?
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Why are proteins the most versatile organic molecules?
They carry out nearly all of the work for the cell
What are proteins built of?
Amino acids
What can denature a protein?
Heat, excessive salt, or pH.
What are lipids?
Hydrophobic organic compounds
What is a lipids structure?
Complex, diverse chemical srtuctures
What forms the majority of cell membranes?
Phospholipids
What is triglyceride?
Also known as fat, it includes 3 fatty acids which are long chains consisting of primarily carbon and hydrogen.
What are triglycerides binded to?
glycerol
What is glycerol?
A three carbon molecule that forms the triglyceride and phospholipid backbone
What are steroids?
Lipids that have four interconnected carbon rings, cortisone is an example of a steroid
What molecule is only found in RNA?
Uracil
What molecule is only found in DNA?
Thymine
What molecule is found in both DNA and RNA?
Adenine, cytosine, and guanine
What type of lipid has 4 interconnected carbon rings?
Steroids
