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Biology 104 > Chapter 2 macromolecules > Flashcards

Chapter 2 macromolecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long molecule composed of similar subunits (monomers)

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2
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A single unit of polymer

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3
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

The formation of a covalent bond between two molecules, formed by the loss of water

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4
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Breaks the covalent bond that links monomers

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5
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in a 1:2:1 ratio

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6
Q

What is the simplest form of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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7
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

A sugar molecule that contains five-six carbon atoms, it is the simplest form of carb

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8
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Two monosaccharides joined together

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9
Q

What are chains of monosaccharides called?

A

Complex carbohydrates

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10
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Huge molecules with hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide monomers

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11
Q

What is protein?

A

A polymer consisting of amino acids folding into a functional three-dimensional shape

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12
Q

What is a covalent bond that binds two amino acids together?

A

Peptide Bond

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13
Q

What is an R group?

A

Amino acid side chain

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14
Q

What are the four levels of protein folding?

A

Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure

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15
Q

Why are proteins the most versatile organic molecules?

A

They carry out nearly all of the work for the cell

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16
Q

What are proteins built of?

A

Amino acids

17
Q

What can denature a protein?

A

Heat, excessive salt, or pH.

18
Q

What are lipids?

A

Hydrophobic organic compounds

19
Q

What is a lipids structure?

A

Complex, diverse chemical srtuctures

20
Q

What forms the majority of cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids

21
Q

What is triglyceride?

A

Also known as fat, it includes 3 fatty acids which are long chains consisting of primarily carbon and hydrogen.

22
Q

What are triglycerides binded to?

A

glycerol

23
Q

What is glycerol?

A

A three carbon molecule that forms the triglyceride and phospholipid backbone

24
Q

What are steroids?

A

Lipids that have four interconnected carbon rings, cortisone is an example of a steroid

25
Q

What molecule is only found in RNA?

A

Uracil

26
Q

What molecule is only found in DNA?

A

Thymine

27
Q

What molecule is found in both DNA and RNA?

A

Adenine, cytosine, and guanine

28
Q

What type of lipid has 4 interconnected carbon rings?

A

Steroids

29
Q
A

Biology 104 (3 decks)

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