Chapter 4: Endocrine

Question 1

Gives rise to the thymus and the inferior parathyroid glands

Answer 1

3rd pharyngeal pouch

Question 2

Gives rise to the superior parathyroid glands

Answer 2

4th pharyngeal pouch

Question 3

Produces parathyroid hormone

Answer 3

Chief cells

Question 4

Produces calcitonin which lowers serum calcium

Answer 4

Parafollicular cells

Question 5

Produce insulin in response to low blood sugar

Answer 5

Beta islet cells of Langerhans

Question 6

Produce glucagon in response to high blood sugar

Answer 6

Alpha islet cells of Langerhans

Question 7

Drains the tail, body and neck of the pancreas into the duodenum

Answer 7

Main pancreatic duct

Question 8

Drains the head of the pancreas into the duodenum

Answer 8

Accessory pancreatic duct

Question 9

The cortex is mesodermal in origin. The medulla is from the neuroectoderm

Answer 9

Embryology of the adrenal gland

Question 10

Glomerulosa is to aldosterone, fasciculata is to glucocorticoids, reticularis is to sex

Answer 10

Adrenal zone hormones

Question 11

Left is large and semilunar, right is smaller and triangular

Answer 11

Adrenal comparison

Question 12

Connected to the posterior pituitary lobe via the infundibulum

Answer 12

Hypothalamus

Question 13

Bone fossa in the sphenoid bone containing the pituitary gland

Answer 13

Sella turcica

Question 14

Fold of dura covering the sella turcica

Answer 14

Diaphragma sellae

Question 15

Remnant of the place from which the thyroid gland develops

Answer 15

Foramen cecum of the tongue

Question 16

Located on the isthmus of the thyroid gland

Answer 16

Pyramidal lobe

Question 17

Gives rise to the anterior pituitary lobe

Answer 17

Rathke’s pouch

Question 18

Accompanies the superior thyroid artery and supplies the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 18

Superior laryngeal nerve

Question 19

Accompanies the inferior thyroid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 19

Middle thyroid vein

Question 20

Found in the thyroid gland, and produce calcitonin

Answer 20

Parafollicular cells

Question 21

Gives rise to the inferior parathyroid gland and thymus

Answer 21

3rd pharyngeal arch

Question 22

Gives rise to the superior parathyroid gland

Answer 22

4th pharyngeal arch

Question 23

Produce parathyroid hormone

Answer 23

Chief cells in parathyroid

Question 24

Produce glucagon (a), insulin (B) and somatostatin (O)

Answer 24

Islet cells of Langerhans

Question 25

The left adrenal gland shape is

Answer 25

Larger and semilunar

Question 26

Superior-inferior phrenic, middle-abdominal aorta, inferior-renal artery

Answer 26

Adrenal artery sources

Question 27

Left adrenal vein -> left renal vein, right adrenal vein -> vena cava

Answer 27

Adrenal vein drainage

Question 28

Zona glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis (from superficial to deep)

Answer 28

Layers of the adrenal cortex