CHAPTER 4 - Different lives in Denmark Flashcards
Absolute poverty
Absolute poverty refers to a state where individuals do not have enough resources to secure the basic necessities of life, such as food, shelter, and clothing.
Career mobility
Career mobility refers to the ability of individuals to move from one job position to another throughout their career.
Cultural capital
Cultural capital refers to the resources and knowledge that are transmitted across generations and are valued by social institutions.
Decile
Decile is a statistical measure that divides the population into ten equal parts, in terms of income or some other variable.
Economic capital
Economic capital refers to an individual’s financial resources, including their income, savings, and property.
Explanatory model
The explanatory model refers to the belief systems and frameworks that people use to help make sense of the world.
Extended language code
Extended language code refers to a style of communication associated with the middle and upper classes, which is characterized by more complex vocabulary, grammar, and syntax.
Field
Field refers to a social domain, such as the academic field or the political field, where individuals and groups compete for resources, status, and power.
Generational mobility
Generational mobility refers to the changes in social class status that occur between generations.
Habitus
Habitus refers to the ingrained habits, dispositions, and tastes that are acquired through socialization and becomes second nature to individuals.
Income
Income refers to the money earned from work, investments, or other sources.
Inequality
Inequality refers to the distribution of resources, opportunities, and rewards across a society.
Job position
Job position refers to an individual’s place within an organization, defined by their role, responsibilities, and level of authority.
Level of education
Level of education refers to the amount of schooling completed by an individual.
Life modes
Life modes refer to the different ways that people organize their lives, including work, family, and leisure.
Lifestyles
Lifestyles refer to the patterns of behaviour, values, and consumption associated with particular social groups.
Limited language code
Limited language code refers to a style of communication associated with working-class and poor people, which is characterized by simpler vocabulary and grammar.
Living conditions
Living conditions refer to the material environment in which people live, including their housing, amenities, and neighbourhood.
Marginalization
Marginalization refers to the social exclusion and powerlessness experienced by particular groups in society.
Minerva model
The Minerva model is a Danish-developed model that quickly and easily provides an insight into the lifestyle of Danes divided into five main groups. The model is built around a coordinate system where the y-axis distinguishes between modern/traditional and the x-axis distinguishes between idealistic/materialistic.
This gives four different segments; the green, blue, pink and violet, plus a smaller fifth segment in the middle called the grey segment.
The five segments map the population on the basis of lifestyle and values. It includes factors such as gender, age, work and geography, giving an insight into the Danish population as a whole.
The model’s effective segmentation of the population makes it relevant for working with policy purposes where lifestyle and life values are linked to our political views.
It is also useful for business purposes, as companies can use it to gain insight into customers’ needs in terms of lifestyle, attitudes and life goals. In this way, they can determine which audiences are relevant to target for specific campaigns.
Negative social inheritance
Negative social inheritance refers to the disadvantages transmitted across generations, such as poverty and low social status.
Pattern breaker
Pattern breaker refers to someone who breaks with the social expectations and assumptions associated with their social class or background.
Positive social inheritance
Positive social inheritance refers to the advantages transmitted across generations, such as high social status and cultural capital.
Poverty
Poverty refers to a state of extreme deprivation, characterized by a lack of resources (money) and opportunities.
Poverty line
The poverty line refers to the official measure of poverty, which is set as the minimum income needed to secure the basic necessities of life.
Relative poverty
Relative poverty refers to a state where individuals have fewer resources and opportunities than the average in their society.
Segment
Segment refers to a group or cohort within a larger population, with shared characteristics and experiences.
Self-reinforcing devaluation process
Self-reinforcing devaluation process refers to a process whereby certain groups or identities become stigmatized and marginalized, leading to further disadvantage and exclusion.
Social capital
Social capital refers to the networks, relationships, and social support that individuals can draw on to achieve their goals.
Social class
Social class analysis refers to the study of how social class operates in society, including its effects on individuals, groups, and institutions.
Social differentiation
Social differentiation refers to the process of creating and maintaining social distinctions based on factors such as social class, race, and gender.
Socially disadvantaged
Socially disadvantaged refers to individuals or groups who face significant obstacles or disadvantages in achieving their goals.
Social exclusion
Social exclusion refers to the persistent and systematic exclusion of particular groups from full participation in society.
Social groups
Social groups refer to groups of individuals who share common characteristics or experiences.
Social inheritance
Social inheritance refers to the advantages and disadvantages that are transmitted across generations, through social and cultural mechanisms.
Social marginalization
Social marginalization refers to the exclusion and disempowerment experienced by particular individuals or groups in society.
Social mobility
Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups between different social classes or positions in a society.
Stratification
Stratification refers to the way that society is organized into layers or strata, based on factors such as social class, income, and education.
Which factors determine the life situation of individuals?
The life situation of individuals is determined by a range of factors, including their social background, education, income, job position, and living conditions.
What are lifestyles?
Lifestyles refer to the patterns of behaviour, values, and consumption associated with particular social groups.
How can we divide the Danish population into social classes?
In Denmark, one way to divide the population into social classes is by looking at their job position and educational level. For example, the middle class tends to be composed of individuals in white-collar jobs with higher levels of education, while the working class tends to be composed of individuals in blue-collar jobs with lower levels of education.
Bonus:
-White collar jobs usually refer to professional or office jobs that require higher education, such as lawyers, doctors, or managers. These jobs usually involve mental labor and may require more abstract thinking and problem-solving skills.
- Blue collar jobs, on the other hand, typically involve manual work or physical labor, such as factory workers, construction workers, or machine operators. These jobs often do not require a high level of education, but do require skill and training in a particular trade or craft.
What is inequality in Denmark?
Denmark, like most societies, has significant inequality in terms of income and social status. Some groups - such as immigrants, women, and people with disabilities - may face greater disadvantages and discrimination.
Do we have poverty in Denmark?
Although Denmark has a relatively comprehensive welfare system, poverty still exists in the country. Some individuals and families may struggle to secure the basic necessities of life, such as food, housing, and healthcare. However, the extent and nature of poverty in Denmark is subject to debate and varies depending on how poverty is defined and measured.
