CHAPTER 2 - Changing identity

Question 1

Assimilation

Answer 1

The process of incorporating individuals from a particular ethnic or cultural group into a larger mainstream group that has a different culture is often seen as a form of social integration.

Question 2

Back stage

Answer 2

A term used to describe the place or situation in which individuals can let their guard down, relax, and behave in a less guarded or more authentic way in comparison to the front stage.

Question 3

Branding

Answer 3

The process of creating a unique identity for a product, company, or person in a competitive market by using a specific name, logo, or image.

Question 4

Creole identity

Answer 4

A term used to describe a cultural identity that is formed in a new context as a result of the interaction of various cultures.

Question 5

Dual socialisation

Answer 5

The process of individual learning and adopting different behaviours and values from two main social sources, which can be family and school, or two different cultures.

Question 6

Everyday life

Answer 6

The term is used to describe the typical and routine aspects of an individual’s daily existence.

Question 7

Face

Answer 7

In sociology, it refers to the image or impression that an individual presents to others, which is often related to their social identity or culture.

Question 8

Focus group interviews

Answer 8

A qualitative research method that involves a group of people who discuss a particular topic or issue with a facilitator.

Question 9

Formal norms

Answer 9

Explicitly defined standards or rules of behavior that are established by society, often enforced by law or social institutions.

Question 10

Front stage

Answer 10

A term used to describe the place where individuals perform to a particular audience and pay more attention to the impression they make, often in social interactions.

Question 11

Generalised other

Answer 11

individuals or groups that have a significant impact on an individual’s socialisation, values, and behaviours, such as parents, teachers, or media.

Question 12

Groups

Answer 12

A collection of individuals who share common interests, characteristics, or goals.

Question 13

Hyphenated identity

Answer 13

A term used to describe an individual who has multiple cultural identities, such as an Asian-American or Afro-Caribbean.

Question 14

Identity (I, personal, social, collective)

Answer 14

A broad term that refers to the essential character of an individual or group, often shaped by cultural, social, and environmental factors.

Question 15

Image

Answer 15

The impression or perception of something or someone that is created or shaped by advertising, reputation, or cultural representations.

Question 16

Imitation

Answer 16

The process by which individuals learn or adopt a specific behaviour or skill by observing others.

Question 17

Informal norms

Answer 17

Unspoken rules and customs that are not officially established, but govern certain aspects of behaviour in society.

Question 18

Integration

Answer 18

The process of creating unity, harmony, or a shared identity among individuals or groups that have different backgrounds or values.

Question 19

Internalised

Answer 19

The process by which individuals adopt or incorporate social norms, values, or beliefs into their personal identity.

Question 20

Me

Answer 20

A term that is used to describe the individual component of an individual’s identity, which may change in different social situations.

Question 21

Multi-socialisation

Answer 21

The process by which individuals learn and adopt behaviors, values, and identities from multiple social sources, such as family, school, or media.

Question 22

Nation

Answer 22

A community of people who share a common culture, history, language, or identity.

Question 23

National identity

Answer 23

A sense of belonging to a particular nation or country, often influenced by shared culture, values, or history.

Question 24

Nationalism

Answer 24

A political movement or ideology that promotes the interests and identity of a particular nation or country.

Question 25

Norms

Answer 25

A set of shared standards or rules that govern behaviour in society.

Question 26

One-to-one interview

Answer 26

A research method in which an interviewer asks a series of questions to a single participant and collects data from the respondent’s perspective.

Question 27

Pluralistic integration

Answer 27

The process of integrating multiple cultural identities or perspectives into a larger society or group.

Question 28

Position

Answer 28

A social status or role that an individual occupies in society, which may be influenced by factors such as class, gender, or race.

Question 29

Pure identity

Answer 29

An identity that is based on a single culture, race, or ethnicity, is often used in contrast to hybrid or mixed identities.

Question 30

Recognition

Answer 30

The ability to acknowledge or identify a particular individual or group.

Question 31

Recognition need

Answer 31

The need or desire for acknowledgement or validation of identity by others.

Question 32

Role

Answer 32

A set of behavioural expectations associated with a particular social position.

Question 33

Role conflict

Answer 33

A situation in which individuals experience conflicting expectations arising from their social roles.

Question 34

Role-taking

Answer 34

The ability of an individual to understand multiple social roles based on their perspective.

Question 35

Sanction

Answer 35

A punishment or reward used by society to reinforce or discourage certain behaviours.

Question 36

Segregation

Answer 36

The separation of different social groups into distinct physical or social spaces.

Question 37

Setting

Answer 37

The physical or social environment in which social interactions take place.

Question 38

Significant other

Answer 38

An individual or group that has a significant impact on an individual’s socialization, such as parents, siblings, or friends.

Question 39

Social control

Answer 39

The processes by which society regulates individual behaviour to promote social order and stability.

Question 40

Social role

Answer 40

The behaviour and expectations associated with a particular social status or position.

Question 41

Social structure

Answer 41

The larger pattern of social relationships and institutions in society shapes individual behaviour and outcomes.

Question 42

Socialisation

Answer 42

The process by which individuals learn and adopt behaviours, values, and identities from societal sources, such as family, school, or media.

Question 43

What are the three forms of socialisation?

Answer 43

1. Primary Socialisation: This refers to the first socialisation that an individual undergoes and occurs during childhood through interactions with immediate family members.
2. Secondary Socialisation: This refers to socialisation during adolescence. It occurs through interactions with peers, schools, religious institutions, and other community groups.
3. Tertiary Socialisation: This refers to socialisation during adulthood. It occurs through interactions with the workplace, professional organisations, and social clubs.

Question 44

Which family types are there in society today?

Answer 44

There are several family types in society today, including nuclear families, in which only parents and children live together; extended families, which include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins; single-parent families; same-sex parent families, and blended families, which those with children from previous relationships.

Question 45

What is identity?

Answer 45

Identity is a broad term that refers to the essential character of an individual or group, often shaped by cultural, social, and environmental factors. It includes both internal and external aspects, such as personality traits, values, beliefs, and physical characteristics.

Question 46

How can you have several social roles?

Answer 46

Individuals can have several social roles based on the different social positions they occupy in society. For example, a person can be a student, friend, sibling, and sports team member simultaneously.

Question 47

What is the influence of the surroundings, and in particular the
social media, on identity formation?

Answer 47

Surroundings, including social media, can have a significant influence on identity formation, as they provide exposure to various cultural and societal norms, values, and behaviours. Social media can shape an individual’s self-perception, identity expression, and interaction with others. However, the degree of influence may vary depending on individual factors such as personality, age, and cultural background, among others.