Chapter 4: Culture, Growth, And Development

Question 0

Growth factors

Answer 0

Specific nutrients not required by all cells

Question 1

Ions necessary for protein function

Answer 1

Mg, Ca, Fe, K

Question 2

Uses preformed organic molecules

Answer 2

Heterotroph

Question 3

Fix co2 and assembles into organic molecules

Answer 3

Autotrophs

Question 4

Contains only compounds needed for an organism to grow

Answer 4

Defined minimal media

Question 5

Obtain energy from redox

Answer 5

Chemotrophs

Question 6

Use inorganic molecules as a source of electrons

Answer 6

Lithotrophs

Question 7

2 types of heterotrophs

Answer 7

1. Photoheterotrophs

2. Organotrophs

Question 8

2 types of autotrophs

Answer 8

1. Photoautotrophs

2. Lithotrophs

Question 9

When chemical energy is used to pump protons out the cell, this forms a

Answer 9

Membrane potential

Question 10

Posses nitrogenase, which converts n2 to ammonium ions

Answer 10

Nitrogen fixers

Question 11

Oxidize ammonia to n2

Answer 11

Nitrifiers

Question 12

Protist algae, such as single-celled euglena, are

Answer 12

Mixotrophic

Question 13

The three ways of achieving selective permeability

Answer 13

1. Substrate-specific carrier proteins (permeases)
2. Nutrient-binding proteins in the
   Periplasm
3. Protein channels or pores

Question 14

Does facilitated diffusion require energy?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

2 majn types of abc transporters

Answer 15

1. Uptake (for nutrients)

2. Efflux (for antibiotics)

Question 16

Specialized molecules secreted to bind ferric iron and transport it into the cell

Answer 16

Siderophores

Question 17

Group translocation

Answer 17

A process that uses energy to chemically alter the substrate during its transport

Question 18

An example of group translocation

Answer 18

The phosphotransferase system (pep) attaches phosphates to specific sugars as part of glycolysis

Question 19

2 main types of culture media

Answer 19

1. Liquid

2. Broth

Question 20

Pure colonies are isolated via two main techniques

Answer 20

1. Dilution streaking

2. Spread plates

Question 21

Counting range for CFUs

Answer 21

25-250

Question 22

Favor the growth of one organism over another

Answer 22

Selective media

Question 23

Complex media to which blood components are added

Answer 23

Enriched media

Question 24

Precisely define media

Answer 24

Synthetic

Question 25

Media that exploits differences between two species that grow equally well

Answer 25

Differential media

Question 26

Media that is nutrient rich but poorly defined

Answer 26

Complex

Question 27

Disadvantage of the petroff-hausser counting method

Answer 27

Can’t tell what’s living and what’s dead

Question 28

The simplest way to model the effects of a changing environment

Answer 28

Batch culture

Question 29

Stages of growth

Answer 29

1. Lag
2. Log
3. Stationary
4. Death