Chapter 4: Concsiousness: Wide Awake, in a Daze, or Dreaming?

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

feelings, thoughts and aroused states of which we are aware

Question 2

microsleep

Answer 2

brief episode of sleep that occurs in the midst of wakeful activity

Question 3

circadian rhythm

Answer 3

changes in bodily processes that occur repeatedly on approximately a 24- to 25- hour cycle

Question 4

suprachiasmatic nucleus SCN

Answer 4

a group of brain cells located in the HYPOTHALAMUS

signals other brain areas when to be aroused/when to shut down (On/Off)

Question 5

melatonin

Answer 5

hormone in the body that facilitates sleep

Question 6

non-REM sleep

Answer 6

relaxing state of sleep in which the person's eyes do NOT move
4 Stages _ 
Stage 1 - light sleep & theta waves; 
          1-7 mins.
         "falling/floating" sensation

Stage II = sleep spindles(slower thetas)
lasts 20 mins
hard to wake you up here

St 3 & 4 = slow wave sleep
delta waves - large, slow

ST 4 = DEEP sleep
when you have consistent deltas
heart, breathing, temp, blood flow to brain all slowed down
growth hormone is secreted
difficult to awakend - disoriented/confused
30 -40 mins then…

cycle back to nonREM Stage II then to

REM! (dreaming!

Question 7

REM sleep

Answer 7

active state of sleep in which the person’s eyes move

dreaming happens here
brain waves look like “awake” person!

Question 8

REM behavior disorder

Answer 8

condition in which normal muscle paralysis does NOT occur, leading to violent movements during REM sleep (thrashing, kicking, etc.) mostly in old men

Question 9

REM rebound

Answer 9

loss of REM sleep is recouped by spending more time in REM on subsequent nights!

Question 10

manifest content

Answer 10

Freud

what the dreamer recalls on awakening

Question 11

latent content

Answer 11

Freud

the symbolic meaning of a dream

Question 12

threat simulation theory

Answer 12

suggests that dreaming is an ancient biological defense mechanism that allows us to repeatedly simulate potentially threatening situations so that we can rehearse our response to these events.

Question 13

activation-synthesis theory

Answer 13

suggest that dreams do NOT have symbolic meaning, but hey are the by-product of the brain’s random firing of neural impulses during REM sleep

Question 14

sleep disorder

Answer 14

a disturbance in the normal pattern of sleeping
95% of Americans experience at some point
25-40% of children

Question 15

Insomnia

Answer 15

a sleep disorder in which a person cannot get to sleep and/or stay asleep

Question 16

narcolepsy

Answer 16

a rare sleep disorder in which a person falls asleep during alert activities during the day

Question 17

sleep apnea

Answer 17

Dad has this
a sleep disorder
the person stops breaing during sleep

Question 18

sleepwalking

Answer 18

somnambulism
sleep disorder in which a person is mobile and may perform actions during stage IV sleep
I have this!

Question 19

night terrors

Answer 19

very frightening non -REM sleep episodes

You had this - so did Dan - just screamed out in the middle of the night and were terrified

Question 20

nightmare

Answer 20

a brief scary REM dream that is often remembered

Question 21

enuresis

Answer 21

a condition in which a person over the age of 5 shows an inability to control urination during sleep…

Question 22

hypnosis

Answer 22

a state of heightened suggestibility

Question 23

dissociation theory

Answer 23

Hilgard’s proposal that hypnosis involves 2 simultaneous states: a hypnotic state and a hidden observer

Question 24

response set theory of hypnosis

Answer 24

asserts that hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness, but a cognitive set to respond appropriately to suggestions

Question 25

psychoactive drugs

Answer 25

substances that influence the brain and thereby the individual’s behavior

Question 26

tolerance

Answer 26

a condition in which after repeated use, more of a drug is needed to achieve the same effect

Question 27

substance dependence

Answer 27

a condition in which a person needs a drug in order to maintain normal functioning

Question 28

withdrawal symptoms

Answer 28

physical or behavioral effects that occur after a person stops using a drug

Question 29

substance abuse

Answer 29

loss of control over one’s drug use

Question 30

psychoactive drugs

Answer 30

4 groups of substances most often leadning to substance dependence are

1. depressants
2. opiates
3. stimulants
4. hallucinogens

Question 31

Depressants

Answer 31

Drugs that inhibit or slow down normal neural functioning

Route = oral,topical, injected

Effects: relax, lower inhibitions, impaired reflexes, motor coordination, & memory

Includes; alcohol,
barbituates (barbs)
benzodiazepines (roofies, tranks)

Question 32

Opiates

Answer 32

Route: oral, injected, smoked, sniffed
AKA Narcotics
pain killing drugs taht depress some brain areas and excite others

Effects: euphoria, pain control, loss of appetite

Includes:

Codeine
Heroin (horse, smack)
Methadone
Morphine
Opium

Question 33

stimulants

Answer 33

Drugs taht interfere with brain functioning by speeding up normal brain actvity

Route: oral, smoked, sniffed, transdermal

Effects: alertness; increased energy, loss of appetite, insomnia, anxiety, paranoia

Includes:
Cafffeine
Nicotine
Cocaine (coke, crack, blow)
amphetamine (black beauties, crosses)
methamphetamine (crank, crystal, ice)
MDMA (adam, Ecstacy, XTC)

Question 34

Hallucinogens

Answer 34

Drugs that simultaneously excite AND inhibit normal neural activity, thereby causing distortions in perception

Route: oral, smoked, injected

Effects: relaxation, euphoria, distortion, unpredictable moods

Includes;
Marijuana (grass, reefer)
Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust, hot)
LSD (acid, microdot)

Question 35

fetal alcohol syndrome FAS

Answer 35

a birth condition resulting from the mother’s chronic use of alcohol during pregnancy;

characterized by facial and limb deformities and intellectual impairment

Question 36

THC tetrahydrocannabinol

Answer 36

the active ingredient in marijuana that affects learning, short-term memory, coordination, emotion, and appetite.