Chapter 4 (complementary and alternative medicine) Flashcards
Cam stands for?
History of Complementary and Alternative medicine
CAM
-passed down from generation 2 gen -“folk medicine”
Complementary medicine
Treatments that are used with conventional western therapies, often prescribed by physicians
Alternative Medicine
Non-mainstream approaches to healing that //takes place/ of conventional western medicine
Integrative medicine
Combining BOTH /alternative/ and /complementary/ medicine into CONVENTIONAL care
History of CAM cont
Before the 19th century, medical care was provided by lay healers, naturopaths, homeopaths, midwives, and botanical healers
After the 19th Century advances in science and Germ theory led to-
scientifically improving treatments and standardizing practices
In the 1950s there was a…
Resurgence in interest in alternative medicine as immigrant cultures exposed Americans to their forms of medicines
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
Entity that pretty much oversees complementary and alternative therapies- they’re the ones that make sure people are doing what they’re supposed to be doing.
They also document new and current strategies plus what they are about.
In 2007 —% Adults and —% Children used a form of CAM
38% Adults, 12% Children
Highest % of CAM use by age is when?
50-59
In a 1990 Study…
-1 in 3 reported using 1 CAM
-highest age that uses: 25-49
-Most were used for CHRONIC conditions
-Most were ALREADY seeing a physician
-/Most did NOT discuss using a CAM with a physician/
Similarities with people who use CAM?
-ppl w higher education
-more women than men
-ppl who were recently hospitalized
-former smokers
-(mind body) medicine was the most common form used.
Most commonly used CAM
Prayer lol
Reasons People use CAMs:
-They believe it improves health
-Curiosity
-They believe that conventional medicine isn’t helping
-Advised by a conventional medical practitioner
-Conventional treatment is TOO expensive
Reasons People use CAMs:
-They believe it improves health
-Curiosity
-They believe that conventional medicine isn’t helping
-Advised by a conventional medical practitioner
-Conventional treatment is TOO expensive
CAM Modalities
Ayurvedic Medicine
Yoga
Traditional Chinese medicine
Naturopathy
Herbal Remedies
Reiki
Meditation
Unlicensed practices
Ethnic Remedies
5 elements of Ayurvedic medecine:
Air, space, Fire, Water, Earth
(Based on a theory that all the 5 great elements are the basis for ALL living)
What are Doshas?
The 3 vital energies that regulate everything in nature. (they are a combination of the 5 elements)
Prakriti
-Unique combo of Doshas that an individual has
-If doshas become imbalanced, the flow of prana (life energy) and agni (digestion) become upset.
Yoga
-Ancient form of exercises and breathing techniques designed to encourage physical and spiritual well-being
-Consists of going through (asanas) -physical postures, in order to improve physical body
-pranayama techniques
-Charkras p 77… life force centers in specific organs..?
Traditional Chinese medecine
Ancient Healing Practices
-2000 years ago-200 BC
-Mind, Body, Spirit and emotions are part of one complete whole that need to be treated together INSTEAD of separately.
-based on the theories of;
>Qi (life force?)
>5 Elements
>Yin/Yang
>Meridian Theory (lines across the body of “heath centers”)
>Acupuncture
>Chinese Herbal Therapies
>Qigong (like tai-chi)
Theory of Qi;
Qi is the vital life force that animates all things
-Flows through the 12 meridians in the body
-It is about restoring energy and balance of the entire body
5 Elements Of Theory
-Based on the perception of relationships between all things
-wood, fire, earth, metal, water
-States that 5 organ systems are tied to a particular element
-everything is all interrelated
Yin/Yang Theory
2 Polar Energies-Bad if they’re out of balance
Yin-Female, moon, night, cold, darkness
Yang-Male, sun, daytime, heat, light
Meridian Theory
Meridians= channels thru which chi, blood, and info flows through all parts of the body
If balance is out of wack, getting chi to flow through meridians is key to getting balance back
Acupuncture
One of the most researched complementary practices
-Stimulating specific pts along the meridians to achieve a therapeutic purpose
Chinese Herbal Therapies
Plants and herbs-teas, medicines, smoking-to heal and make the body feel better
Qigong
Energy work, breathing, meditation, intended to improve flow of energy through body
-tai chi is a form of it
Naturopathy
Based on healing power of nature
- originated in German
- Hydrotherapy - water therapy
- Herbal remedies
- Reiki (diff health approach where practitioners place hands on/above person - goal: faciliating persons own healing response)
- meditation (mindfullness meditation (buddhist traidionts - increasing awareness of present - you’re thinking thoughts in a nonjudgmental manner…used for PTSD, drug abuse, chronic pain)
- transcendental - getting mind to finer levels of thoughts till you can actually experience the thought you’re having - use of mantera (an ohmmmmmm when doing yoga - done to focus the mind. Getting body in state of total relaxation/focus to decrease BP, muscles, resp rate)
Naturopathy 2 main focus areas;
1) Supporting the body’s healing abilities
2) Empowering People to make life style changes
necessary to achieve best possible health
Lawsuits and Fraud Healers
Lee waa was healer - someone came to his shop, he basically was prescribing herbs to treat her - he prepared them and took them. acting like a doctor/prescribing medicine -telling customer that hes a doctor and that his shit will cure ppl - saying he’s a legitimate doctor - THIS was illegal. unlicensed practice. not governed by state boards
People vs machado - mex americans using folk healers - they go to persons home, come up w medicine to give them, that person got really ill tho. they were presenting themselves as a doctor and prescribing harmful medicine
Ethnic Remedies
- Food and drug administration (FDA) - responsible for making sure pharmaceutical drugs are safe for ppl to take
- ethnic remedies arent subject to these struct standards that pharamceutical drugs are, anyone that wnts to submit an ethnic remedy/diet supplement dont even need FDA approval to start marketing, but they cant market them as a form of treatment - have to be marketed as /supplemental diet/
- healers are also subject to these laws
- dietary supp health and ed act 1994 - established FDas current authority to regulate dietary supplement - where fda gets approval from this act
- health departments are responsible for regulation of these things
