Chapter 4- Common Specialist Technique Principled Flashcards
What is a static load?
A load that can’t move
What is a dynamic load?
A load that can move
When does tension occur?
When a pulling force is exerted on each side of the material
What is tensile strength?
Ability of a material to resist being pulled apart
When does compression occur?
When a pushing force is applied at either end of the material
What is compressive strength?
The ability of a material to resist being compressed or squashed
When does torsion occur
When a material is being twisted, 2 ends of the material rotate in opposite directions
What is torsional strength?
Ability of a material to resist being twisted out of shape
When does bending occur?
Both tension + compression act on either side of the material
What is stiffness?
The ability of a material to resist being bent out of shape
What is a shear force?
Force that acts on material in a direction perpendicular to it’s length
How can you reinforce a material?
- Reinforced concrete- made of concrete + steel for good strength
- Denim jeans + jackets have small metal rivets in places, these are places where lots of fabric needs to be stitched together this more strength is needed to hold it together
What is a composite material?
Combining 2 or more materials permanently
What is webbing
A strong fabric woven into yarns, often made form synthetic fibres. Used for belts
How can you stiffen materials?
- Laminating
- Interfacing- used to stiffen fabric
- Folding + bending used to improve mechanical + physical properties of a material
Explain how to laminate materials?
- Involves bonding 2 or more materials to improve a product strength, stability + flexibility
- Laminate paper with plastic to make waterproof
- Laminate wood: use a former + mould to shape material, lots of layers of wood compressed together with a clamp
Explain fabric interfacing
- Used in textile garments
- Used for extra structure shape + support
- Fusible + sew in
- Fusible is iron on( heat needed to fuse material)
- Sew in sandwiches layers together
What’s a net?
- Flat 2D shape
- Cut- lines ( you cut them out)
- Score lines is where you fold
What is carbon footprint?
The amount of CO2 emitted during a process of making something is carbon footprint
What is ecological footprint?
Measured impact on person’s life on the environment
What is social footprint?
Measure of the impact that a company has on it’s employees, partners / society as a whole
What is the health and safety executive?
An organisation that looks after the well-being of employees
Eg. Fair trade
What is deforestation + explain what slash and burn is?
- Killing of trees
- S+B is a technique of converting a forest into a farmland, trees are felled + set alight
What is desertification?
When land dries out+ no longer able to support vegetation
What is mining?
- Helps gather primary needs
- Surface + underground mining
What is drilling used for?
Extracting shale gas by creating a borehole
Explain what product miles is?
The journey a material travels
Part of the lifecycle assessment
What are the six Rs form best to worst
- Refuse
- Rethink
- Reduce
- Reuse
- Repair
- Recycle
What is refuse?
Asking the question ‘Is this necessary?’ Saves 100% of what you have chosen not to buy
What is rethink?
Deciding on the sustainability of the product
What is reduce?
- Reduce carbon emission
- Miniaturisation ( saving material)
What is reusing?
- Primary recycling is using the product multiple times for the same purpose
- Reusing the product in a different way is secondary recycling
- ‘Upcycling material’ is extending the product lifespan by coating etc
What is repair?
Repair a product is extending it’s lifetime + designers must take into account. Planned obsolescence
What is recycle?
- Tertiary recycling not very useful
- Materials lose some of their qualities / low quality material produced
What are one-off production?
Customised items
What is batch production?
When a certain number of identical products are required, produced together. High levels of automation
What is mass production?
- Items that are in constant use
- High skill technicians needed
What is continuous Production?
- Similar to mass production
- 24/7 factory
- Makes in limited range of products
