Chapter 3- Materials And There Working Properties Flashcards
What is absorbency?
Tendency to attract or take in an element
What is density?
The mass of material per unit of volume
What is fusibility?
Ability of material to be converted through heat into liquid then mixed with another material
What is electrical conductivity?
Ability to conduct electricity
What is thermal conductivity?
Ability of material to conduct heat
What is strength?
The ability of a material to withstand a force
What is hardness?
Ability to resist abrasive wear
What is toughness?
Ability to absorb energy / shock without fracturing
What is malleability?
Ability to deform under compression without breaking
What is ductility?
Ability to be stretched out into a thin strand without snapping
What is elasticity?
Ability to return to it’s original shape after being compressed /stretched
What are papers and boards made out of?
Wood pulp
Bleed proof paper
Appearance- Coated white
Characteristics- stops solvent based markers staining through paper
Uses- For Marker pens
Cartridge paper
Appearance- Thick white paper
Characteristics- Opaque
Uses- watercolour
Grid paper
Appearance- white paper with printed grid/ isometric
Characteristics- faint lines often blue ink
Uses- Graphic, scientific + Mathematical diagrams
Layout paper
Appearance- Off white, medium opacity sheet
Characteristics- semi-translucent
Uses- Creating sketches
Tracing paper
Appearance- low opacity, off white paper
Characteristics- takes pencil + most colours
Uses- Copying and tracing images
Corrugated Cardboard
Appearance- Natural brown board finished
Characteristics- Strong lightweight
Uses- Packaging, impact protection
Duplex board
Appearance- 2 layers of card bonded together + off white
Characteristics- Lightweight
Uses- Donut box + Food+ Drink
Foil lined board
Appearance- white card coated with tin foil on one side
Characteristics- water+ oil resistant
Uses- Takeaway containers
Foam core board
Appearance- Smooth board, foam inner core
Characteristics- Can crack under pressure + rigid in all places
Uses- Model making
Ink jet card
Appearance-Brilliant white
Characteristics- holds a high quality photo image
Uses- Photographic images
Solid white board
Appearance- High quality card
Characteristics - holds colour well
Uses- Greeting cards
Where is hardwood from?
Deciduous trees- drops it’s leaves in winter
Where is softwood from?
Evergreen trees- keep their needled all year round
What is felling?
A term used for cutting down trees
What are the properties of hardwood?
- Have less porous and denser cell structure
- Less prone to rotting
- High value
Ash
- Hardwood
- Pale/brown
- Flexible + Tough
- Used for sports equipment
Beech
- Hardwood
- Close grain with pink hue
- Fine finish
- Used for children’s toys
Mahogany
- Hardwood
- Rich reddish brown
- Durable + finishes well
- Used for high end furniture
Oak
- Hardwood
- Light brown
- Tough + Hard
- Furniture
Balsa
- Hardwood
- Pale cream/ white
- Very soft + Spongy
- Used for prototyping
What are the properties of softwood?
- More porous cell structure
- Can absorb moisture + begin to ro
- Easy to add stain
Larch
- Softwood
- Pale brown
- Tough, durable + water resistant
- Used for flooring
Pine
- Softwood
- Pale yellow
- Lightweight + easy to work
- Used for interior construction
Spruce
- Softwood
- White/cream
- High stiffness to weight ratio
- Used for furniture + musical instruments
What are manufactured boards?
Sheets of processed timber waste combined with adhesives
Medium density Fibreboard
MDF
- Manufactured board
- Smooth dull
- Rigid + stable
- Used for flat pack furniture
Plywood
- Manufactured board
- Very stable in all directions
- Used for furniture + shelving
Chipboard
- Manufactured board
- Pale grey/brown
- Prone to chipping + good compressive strength
- Used for kitchen units
Where are metals found?
In an ore- type of rock that contains metals in small quantities
What are ferrous metals?
That can rust
What are non-ferrous metals?
They do not rust, but can oxidise
Low carbon steel
- Ferrous metal
- Bright grey + smooth texture
- Tough + Ductile
- Used for construction
High carbon steel
- Ferrous metal
- Smooth texture
- Less ductile
- Garden + workshop tools+ cutting tools
Cast iron carbon
- Ferrous metal
- Dull + Rough texture
- Hard but brittle
- Used for kitchen pots
What is the thin oxide layer around a metal called?
Patina
Aluminium
- Non-ferrous metal
- Light grey + can be polished
- High strength to weight ratio + lightweight
- Used for pots + pans
Copper
- Non- ferrous metal
- Light reddish brown
- Malleable + Ductile
- Used for electrical cables
Tin
- Non- ferrous metals
- Silvery white
- Soft + Good electrical conductor
- Used for plating surfaces
Zinc
- Non-ferrous metal
- Silvery grey
- Malleable + ductile
- Used to galvanise steel
What are alloys?
A mixture of at least one pure metal and another element
Brass
- Alloy of copper + zinc
- Yellowish gold
- Used for musical instruments
Stainless steel
- Alloy of low carbon + Chromium
- Silver hue + resists rust
- Hard + very smooth
- Used for cutlery + medical equipment
High speed steel
- Alloy of Carbon + cobalt
- Can withstand high temp
- Used for cutting tools: drills etc
