Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 101 > Chapter 4: Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Theory

A
  • All organisms are composed of one of more cells
  • Cells are the smallest living things
  • Cells arise only by division of previously existing cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are cells small?

A
  • Diffusion is only effective over small distances

- High demand on DNA, the larger the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cellular structure

A
  • PLASMA MEMBRANE forms boundary of cell

- CYTOPLASM fills interior of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model for plasma membrane

A
  • made up of the phospholipid bilayer
  • polar glycerol heads
  • nonpolar fatty acid tails
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interior of lipid bilayer

A
  • nonpolar, no water-soluble molecules can cross
  • Contains CHOLESTEROL, to prevent cell membrane from sticking to itself
  • contains MEMBRANE PROTEINS, tunnels to allow certain substances through membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  • old
  • single-cellled
  • no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
  • genetic material in single, circular molecule
  • small, 1-2 micrometers
  • Kingdoms: eubacteria and archaebacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Eukaryotes

A
  • new
  • single or many cells
  • have a “true” nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
  • genetic material organized and in nucleus
  • larger, 2-1000 micrometers
  • Kingdoms: protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell wall

A
  • exists in plants, fungi and many protists beyond plasma membrane
  • provides protection, maintains cell shape, prevents excessive water loss/uptake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chloroplasts

A
  • exist in all plants and many protists
  • site of photosynthesis
  • energy-capturing center
  • double membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Central vacuole

A
  • in plants, help with retaining structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Centrioles

A
  • in animals and most protists, assist with mitosis (cell division) by assembling microtubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chromosome

A

DNA of eukaryotes is packaged into segments and associated with protein, this complex is called a chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Site for subunits of ribosome to be synthesized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rough ER

A
  • system of internal membranes
  • covered in ribosomes
  • dedicated to protein modification/synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • adds carbs and fats to ER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Golgi bodies/complex/apparatus

A
  • flattened membranes scattered throughout the cell

- packages things from ER

17
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • clean-up crew, contain digestive enzymes
18
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • isolate certain types of chemical reactions
19
Q

Mitochondrion

A
  • cellular respiration, cellular powerhouse
  • extracts energy from organic molecules through oxidative metabolism
  • double membrane
20
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • internal framework of protein fibers
  • anchors organelles to fixed locations
  • supports the shape of the cell
  • helps organize ribosomes and enzymes needed for synthesis activities
21
Q

Diffusion & osmosis

A
  • molecules diffuse down a concentration gradient from higher to lower concentration
  • osmosis = diffusion of water
22
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A
  • needs a transport protein/tunnel (still passive transport)
23
Q

Aquaporins

A
  • selective channels that allow water to diffuse through plasma membrane
24
Q

Osometric concentration

A
  • concentration of all molecules dissolved in a solution
25
Q

Hypertonic solution

A
  • higher concentration of water on the inside of the cell

- the water moves out and the cell shrivels

26
Q

Hypotonic solution

A
  • higher concentration of water on the outside of the cell

- water moves into the cell and the cell lyses

27
Q

Endocytosis

A
  • brings substances inside the cell
  • Phagocytosis: “cell eating,” solid matter
  • Pinocytosis: “cell drinking,” liquid matter
28
Q

Exocytosis

A
  • discharges substances out of the cell
29
Q

Active transport

A
  • utilizes protein channels
  • energy is used to pump substances against the concentration gradient
  • allows cells to maintain specific concentration of certain molecules
30
Q

Sodium-potassium pump

A
  • uses ATP to pump 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell
  • generates a concentration gradient with more Na+ outside of the cell than inside
  • purpose: for conduction of signals along nerve cells, and transportation of important molecules into the cell against their concentration gradient

BIO 101 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions