Chapter 4 - Cell Structure Flashcards
ribosomes (function, composition, and where found)
- Function: The cell’s protein synthesis “machinery”.
- Composition: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins
- Found: on rough ER, in the cytoplasm, and associated with membranes
plasma membrane
A phospholipid bilayer that separates a cell from its surroundings. (Embedded proteins allow it to interact with its surroundings.)
Mathias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann
Proposed the Cell Theory in 1839
Robert Hooke
Discovered the cell in 1665 through a cross-section of a cork.
Cell Theory (as proposed by Schleiden and Schwann in 1839)
- All organisms are composed of cells.
- Cells are the smallest living things.
- Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
(All cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the first living cells.)
nucleus
- stores the genetic material of the cell in the form of multiple, linear chromosomes
- surrounded by a nuclear envelope composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers
mitochondrion
- The “power house” of the cell - generates ATP.
- Contains its own DNA.
- -surrounded by 2 membranes:
- smooth outer membrane
- folded inner membrane with layers (called cristae)
lysosome
- The “trash can” of the cell.
- membrane bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules
- destroy cells or foreign matter that the cell has engulfed (by phagocytosis)
Golgi apparatus
- The “shipping and receiving” department of the cell.
- flattened stacks of interconnected membranes
- packaging and distribution of materials to different parts of the cell
- synthesis of cell wall components
endoplasmic reticulum (generic function and composition)
- Functions: Synthesize proteins and fats, detoxify foreign substances, store calcium
- Composition: phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins
chromosome
Linear structures in the nucleus that store the genetic material of the cell.
chromatin
In chromosomes – DNA organized with proteins.
Discovered the cell in 1665
Robert Hooke
Proposed the Cell Theory in 1839
Mathias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann
The cell’s protein synthesis “machinery”.
Ribosomes