Chapter 4: Carl Jung Flashcards
What does Occult Phenomena mean?
Capable of influencing the lives of “everyone”
What is the Collective Unconscious?
Elements, thoughts, feelings, that have been passed down by our ancestors
Self-realization
The end goal of Analytical Psychology. The Whole person. The individuation and Psychological Rebirth. The most inclusive archetype.
Birth date and place of Carl Jung
July 26, 1875; Kesswil, a town on Lake Constance in Switzerland
Father of Carl Jung
Johan Paul Jung
- Youngest of the 13 children
- A minister at the reformed Swiss church
- A sentimental idealist with strong doubts about his religious faith
Mother of Carl Jung
Emilie Preiswerk Jung
- Youngest of the 13 children
- Daughter of a Theologian
- Realistic, Practical, and Warm Hearted
Mother of Carl Jung no.2
Unstable, Mystical, Clairvoyant, and Ruthless. Also called the Night Personality
Hospitalization of Carl Jung’s Mother
Caused Carl to view women as unreliable and men as reliable but powerless
Wife of Carl Jung
Emma Rauschenbach
- Young, sophisticated, and wealthy Swiss woman.
Jung and Freud: The Questionable Duo
o Began a steady correspondence in 1906.
o Jung was the ideal successor
First president of the International Psychoanalytic Association
Relationship became rocky after they interpreted each other’s dreams
Tension dissipated after their travel and he resigned from presidency
Creative Illness, a period of isolation and loneliness wherein he was able to create a unique theory of personality
Levels of the Psyche
Conscious - Ego
Personal - Complexes
Collective - Ancestral Past
Conscious (Analytical Psych)
Represented by the ego. Consists of our thoughts, memories, and emotions that are recognized/sensed.
Has a desire to become a more comprehensive self. Actually plays a minimal role in Analytical Psychology.
Personal Unconscious
o The first layer of Jung’s idea of the unconscious
o Essentially the same as Freud’s, but an essential feature of Jung’s personal unconscious is the complexes
o Complex
- Collection of thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and memories that focus on a single concept.
- Can be partly conscious and may stem from both the personal and collective unconscious
Complex(es)
- Is a part of the Personal Unconscious as a complex is only determined/created by the individual
- Collection of thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and memories that focus on a single concept.
- Can be partly conscious and may stem from both the personal and collective unconscious
Collective Unconscious
Has roots in the ancestral past of the entire specie.
Responsible for people’s beliefs, myths, legends, religion
Does not refer to inherited ideas but to human’s innate tendency to react in a particular way whenever their experiences stimulate a biologically inherited response tendency
Collective Unconscious
Has roots in the ancestral past of the entire specie.
Responsible for people’s beliefs, myths, legends, religion
Does not refer to inherited ideas but to human’s innate tendency to react in a particular way whenever their experiences stimulate a biologically inherited response tendency
Archetypes Definition Only
o Ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective unconscious.
o Cannot be directly represented, but when activated:
It expresses itself through: dreams, fantasies, and delusions
An autonomous personality which also affects the personality of the whole person
Have biological basis but originate through the repeated experiences of early ancestors.
Archetypes [Types]
Persona - The side shown to the world
Shadow - Evil
Anima - Feminine/Emotional side (of men)
Animus - Masculine/Reasoning side (of women)
Wise Old Man - Wisdom
Great Mother - Fertility, Nourishment, Power, Destruction
Hero - Triumphs against evil
Self - The person moving towards growth, perfection, and completion
Persona
The side or part of personality we readily show to the world.
Shadow
The darkness repressed. We do not wish to show or acknowledge this side of us.
The First Test of Courage
It is easier to see the shadows of others than our own.
Anima
- Feminine side of men (2nd test of courage)
- Resistant to consciousness
- Must be comfortable with the shadow first
- Originated from the experiences of men towards women in their life
- Symbolic of mood and feelings
Animus
- Masculine side of women, symbolic of thinking and reasoning.
Wise Old Man
- Derived from animus
- Archetype of wisdom, symbolizes human’ preexisting knowledge of the mysteries of life.
- Personified in dreams as father, grandfather, teacher, philosopher, guru, doctor, priest
Great Mother
- Derived from anima
- Represents two opposing forces:
o Fertility and nourishment (capable of producing and sustaining life).
o Power and destruction (devour or neglect the offspring)
Hero
- Represented in mythology and legends as a powerful person, sometimes part god, who fights against evil.
- Conquering evil is the unconscious desire to conquer the darkness in our unconsciousness.
Self (Analytical Psych)
- Move toward growth, perfection, and completion.
- Archetype of Archetypes
o Mandala
Ultimate symbol of the self.
Represents the strivings of the collective unconscious for unity, balance, and wholeness.
Also represents the perfect self, the totality, orderly, and united self.
Represents both personal consciousness and collective unconsciousness
Self [Mandala]
Mandala
Ultimate symbol of the self.
Represents the strivings of the collective unconscious for unity, balance, and wholeness.
Also represents the perfect self, the totality, orderly, and united self.
Represents both personal consciousness and collective unconsciousness
Dynamics of Personality (Carl Jung)
Causality - Present events occur due to the past
Teleology - Present events are motivated by future goals
Regression - inward flow of psychic energy
Progression - outward flow of psychic energy
Synchronicity - Two situations happen at the same time, may be linked
Psychological Types
Two Attitudes:
Introversion
Extroversion
Introversion
Turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation toward the subjective.
Extroversion
Turning outward of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward objectivity.
Four Separate Functions in the Attitudes
o Thinking
o Feeling
o Sensing
o Intuiting (Intuitive)
Attitude [Definition]
o Defined as a predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction.
Introverted or Extraverted attitude
Functions [Definition]
o Both introversion and extraversion can combine with any one or more of four functions, forming eight possible orientations, or types.
o Logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas.
Feeling [Definition]
Describes the process of evaluating an idea or event
Sensing [Definition]
Receives physical stimuli and transmits them to perceptual consciousness
Intuiting [Definition]
Involves perception beyond the workings of consciousness
Extraverted Thinking
- Rely on concrete thoughts, may make use of abstract ideas if these ideas have been transmitted to them by someone else.
Introverted Thinking
- React to external stimuli, but their interpretation of the scenario is more internal.
Extraverted Feeling
- Make use of objective data to make evaluations. Not guided by subjective opinions, but by external values and widely accepted standards of judgement.
Introverted Feeling
Base their values more on subjective perceptions.
Extraverted Sensing
- Perceive external stimuli objectively, very similar to the stimuli that exist in reality.
Introverted Sensing
- Introverted sensing people are largely influenced by their subjective sensations of sight, sound, taste, touch, and so forth.
Extraverted Intuitive
Oriented towards facts in the external world
Introverted Intuitive
- Guided by unconscious perception of facts that are basically subjective and have little or no resemblance to external reality.
Stages of Personality Development [Types Only]
Child
Youth
Middle Life
Old Age
Stages of Development - Childhood
- Anarchic Phase
- Monarchich Phase
- Dualistic Phase
Anarchic Phase
a. Characterized by chaotic and sporadic consciousness
b. “islands of consciousness” may exist, but there is little or no connection between
Monarchic Phase
a. Characterized by development of the ego and by the beginning of logical and verbal thinking
b. Children see themselves objectively and refer to themselves in the third person
c. “Islands of consciousness” enlarge and provide a home for the primitive ego that sees itself as an object.
Dualistic Phase
a. Where the ego as a perceiver arises Ego is divided into the objective and subjective
b. Children reer to themselves in the first person, and see their existence as separate individuals
c. “islands of consciousness” become continuous land inhabited by an ego complex
Stages of Development - Youth
a. Puberty until middle life
b. Young people strive to gain psychic and physical independence from their parents, find a mate, raise a family and make a place in the world.
c. Must overcome the natural tendency to cling to the narrow consciousness of childhood.
d. Conservative principle – the desire to live in the past
Stages of Development – Middle Life
a. Begins approximately at ages 35-40
b. It is a period of decline which can present middle-aged people with increasing anxieties, but also can be a period of tremendous potential
c. Tendency is to retain early life’s social and moral values
d. Must give up extraverted youth goals and move towards introverted direction of expanded consciousness
e. Finding new meaning in life and not merely achieving success in business or good family life
Stages of Development - Old Age
a. People experience diminution of consciousness
b. Fear of death is often taken as normal, but Jung believed that death is the goal of life and life can be fulfilling only when death is seen in this light
c. Psychological rebirth also called self-realization or individuation
Process of becoming an individual or whole person by integrating the opposite poles of personality into a single homogenous self.
Methods of Investigation of Carl Jung [Types]
- Word Association Test
- Dream Analysis
- Active Imagination
- Psychotherapy
Word Association
o Used as early as 1930
o Respond to the first thing that comes into mind
Jung records the response time, verbal response, rate of breathing, galvanic skin response, and test re-test consistency
Critical responses: restricted breathing, changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin, delayed reactions, multiple responses, disregard of instructions, inability to pronounce a common word, failure to respond, and inconsistency on test-retest.
Dream Analysis
o Uncover elements from the personal and collective unconscious and to integrate them into consciousness to promote the process of self-realization
o Certain dreams offered proof for the existence of the collective unconscious
o Big dreams
Special meaning for all people
o Typical Dreams
Common to most people
o Earliest dreams
Can be traced back to age 3 or 4 and contain mythological and symbolic images and motifs.
Active Imagination
o Reveal archetypal images emerging from the unconscious
o It requires a person to begin with any impression (dream, image, vision, picture, or fantasy) and to concentrate until the impression begins to “move”. They must follow it and freely communicate with them.
o A useful technique for people who want to be better acquainted with their collective and personal unconscious
o Active Imagination has an advantage over dream analysis
Psychotherapy
o Fourth Stage, transformation
o The therapist must first be transformed into a healthy human being, preferably by undergoing psychotherapy.
o To help neurotic patients become healthy and to encourage healthy people to work independently towards self-realization.
o Although he encouraged his patients to be independent, he admitted the importance of transference,
o Countertransference- a term used to describe a therapist’s feelings toward the patient.
Transformation - Psychotherapy
Fourth Stage…idk
