Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Question 0

Dehydration reactions

Answer 0

They create polymers from monomers by removing a water molecule

Question 1

Isomers

Answer 1

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in their arrangement of these atoms

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

Occurs when water is added to split molecules

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Include both simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, etc.) and polymers such as starch made from these and other subunits

Question 4

Monosaccharides

Answer 4

The monomers of carbohydrates

Question 5

Polysaccharides

Answer 5

The polymers of monosaccharides

Question 6

Fats (triglycerides)

Answer 6

Made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules

Question 7

Fatty acids

Answer 7

Include hydrocarbon chains of variable lengths

Question 8

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 8

No double bonds

Question 9

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 9

Some double bonds

Question 10

Steroids

Answer 10

Made up of four rings that are fused together

Ex. Cholesterol

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

Polymers made up of amino acid monomers

Question 12

Amino acids

Answer 12

Contain a central carbon bonded to a carbonyl group, a hydrogen atom, and an R group

Question 13

Peptide bonds

Answer 13

Link amino acids

Question 14

Primary structure

Answer 14

The unique sequence in which amino acids are joines

Question 15

Secondary structure

Answer 15

One of two three-dimensional shapes that are the result of hydrogen bonding

Question 16

Tertiary structure

Answer 16

A complex globular shape, due to interactions between R groups, such as hydrophobic interactions, dispersion forces, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges

Question 17

Quaternary structures

Answer 17

The association of two or more polypeptide chains into one large protein

Question 18

Chaperonins

Answer 18

Protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of proteins within cells

Question 19

Denatured protein

Answer 19

Loses its shape and ability to function due to heat, a change in pH, or salinity.

Question 20

Nucleotides are made up of:

Answer 20

Nitrogenous base,
Pentose,
Phosphate group