Chapter 13: The Cell Cycle Flashcards
Autosome
a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome
Asexual reproduction
a type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more pairs
Crossing over
the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during synapsis of meiosis I
Diploid
a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent
Gamete
a haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
Gene
discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA in some viruses)
haploid cell
a cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n)
Homologous chromosomes
chromosome pairs of the same lenght, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One comes from the mother, the other from the father.
Locus
a particular place along the length of a certain chromosome where a given gene is located
Meiosis
a two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell
Meiosis I
The first division of a two stage process of cell division
Meiosis II
The second division of a two stage process of cell division
Sex chromosomes
one of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
Sexual reproduction
a type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents
Karyotype
a method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size, and type
