2: The Chemistry of Life

Question 0

Isotopes differ in the number of ________.

Answer 0

electrons

Question 1

Trace elements are _____.

Answer 1

elements that are required by organisms in very small quantities

Question 2

Non polar covalent;

Answer 2

Electrons shared equally between atoms

Question 3

Electrons shared unequally in _____________ bond

Answer 3

polar covalent

Question 4

High surface tension in thin vessels

Answer 4

Capillary action

Question 5

_________ bonds are WEAK bonds

Answer 5

Hydrogen

Question 6

Carbohydrates contain ___, ___ and ___ in a ::_ ratio.

Answer 6

Carbon; hydrogen; oxygen; 1; 2; 1

Question 7

The two most common monosaccharide sugars are _____ and _____.

Answer 7

glucose and fructose

Question 8

Glucose and fructose are easy to spot if you notice their ______.

Answer 8

six-carbon molecules

Question 9

Bond between carbohydrates:

Answer 9

Glycosidic bond

Question 10

Process of forming glycosidic bonds and losing a water molecule

Answer 10

Dehydration synthesis / condensation

Question 11

Breaking up disaccharides and forming two monosaccharides with the addition of an H2O molecule

Answer 11

Hydrolysis

Question 12

Starch, cellulose and glycogen are the most common _______.

Answer 12

polysaccharides

Question 13

Building blocks of proteins are called ______.

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

Amino acids are made of an amino group (____), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen, and an R group.

Answer 14

-NH2

Question 15

Amino acids are made of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (____), a hydrogen, and an R group.

Answer 15

-COOH

Question 16

Amino acids are made of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a ______, and an R group.

Answer 16

Hydrogen

Question 17

Amino acids are made of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen, and an _________.

Answer 17

R group

Question 18

The r group is also called a ___________.

Answer 18

Side chain

Question 19

Bond between amino acids (proteins):

Answer 19

peptide bonds

Question 20

Examples of lipids:

Answer 20

Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids

Question 21

Triglyceride is another word for

Answer 21

fat.

Question 22

A typical fat consists of __________ and ____________.

Answer 22

three fatty acids; one molecule of glycerol

Question 23

The linkage formed between the glycerol molecule and the fatty acids are called _______.

Answer 23

ester linkage

Question 24

A fatty acid can be _______, which means it has a single covalent bond between each pair of carbon atoms

Answer 24

Saturated

Question 25

A fatty acid can be _______, which means adjacent carbons are joined by double bonds instead of single bonds.

Answer 25

Unsaturated