Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Management Information Systems > Chapter 4: Business Hardware > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Business Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

______ refers to the physical components of computers and related electronic devices.

A

Hardware

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

________ receives signals from outside the computer and transfer them into the computer.

A

Input devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The _________ is the most important part of any computer. It accepts instructions and data, decodes and executes instructions, and stores results (output) in memory for later display.

A

central processing unit (CPU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

______ is also called primary memory, is located near the CPU and stores data and instructions just before and immediately after the CPU processes them.

A

Internal memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

________ holds data and program instructions, and is volatile by design, that is, it’s contents are cleared when the computer is turned off.

A

RAM (random access memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

______ is nonvolatile. It contains data and instruction that do not change.

A

ROM (read-only memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ______ is the circuit board containing the CPU and primary memory.

A

Motherboard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ is different types of media that store data and information permanently.

A

Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______ is the storing of data on remote devices over the Internet or a private network.

A

Cloud storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_______ are devices that deliver information from the computer to the user.

A

Output devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A ______ is a binary digit, a 0 or 1.

A

bit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A ______ is a combination of eight bits.

A

byte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

________ are the most powerful computers at any given time, but are built especially for assignments that require arithmetic speed.

A

Supercomputers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

________ is when multiple processors (CPUs) are processing different data simultaneously. It is sometimes called multiprocessing.

A

Parallel processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Instead of a single machine with multiple processors, _______ uses the CPU power of multiple computers, with the same effect.

A

clustering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_______ are less powerful in computational speed and significantly less expensive than supercomputers. However, they do store large amounts of data and business transactions.

A

Mainframe computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A midrange category of computers, often referred to as _______, are smaller than mainframes and less powerful. They are usually used as a shared resource, connecting hundreds of users to a variety of computers from desktops, laptops, and other servers.

A

servers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_________ is the collective name for several types of computers: notebook computers, desktops etc.

A

Personal computers (PCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

More powerful personal computers are sometimes called _______. These are normally used for CAD, CAM, complex simulation etc.

A

Workstations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The ______ (also called laptop) is a compact, light, personal computer that can be powered by a rechargeable battery.

A

notebook computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Handheld computers called _______ were small enough to fit in the palm of your hand.

A

personal digital assistants (PDA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A _____ is a pen-like pointing and drawing device used to enter data through a touch screen.

A

stylus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

By the mid 2000s, almost all new PDAs also served as mobile phones, and were increasingly called by the new term, ________.

A

smartphone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_______ is a mobile computing device that uses a touch screen to execute commands.

A

Tablet computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

________ means building several technologies into a single piece of hardware.

A

Technology convergence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The CPU consists of two units: the ______ and the _____. These units store and process data.

A

control unit

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A CPU is often called a ______ because the chip is so small.

A

microprocessor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

_______ are processors that combine two or more CPU or “cores” on a single chip.

A

Multicore processors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Processing more than one program, or processing several parts of a program, at the same time is often called _______, whereby each process is a thread.

A

multithreading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A _______ is a semiconductor that can represent binary code’s two states.

A

transistor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

______ refers to the four operations performed every cycle by the CPU. They are fetch, decode, execute, and store.

A

Machine cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

________ is a special circuitry on the processor that synchronizes all tasks.

A

CPU clock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The number of pulses per second is called frequency, or _______.

A

clock rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The _______ is the maximum number of bits that the control unit can fetch from primary memory in one machine cycle.

A

data word (or “word” for short)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

________ is the part the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations.

A

ALU

36
Q

The ______ is the electronic lines or traces used for communication inside the computer.

A

bus

37
Q

_______ is the number of bits per second that the bus can accommodate.

A

Throughput

38
Q

A common measure of computer speed is ______.

A

MIPS (millions of instructions per second)

39
Q

_______ is the standard keyboard layout.

A

QWERTY

40
Q

________ is the keyboard layout that allows faster typing.

A

DVORAK

41
Q

_______ is the study of the comfort and safety of humans in the workplace.

A

Ergonomics

42
Q

_______ are split in the middle, and the two parts are twisted outward to better fit the natural positions of the forearms and prevent injury.

A

Ergonomic keyboard

43
Q

A _____ is an input device that controls an on-screen pointer to facilitate the point-and-click approach to executing different operations.

A

mouse

44
Q

A ______ is similar to mouse, but user manipulates a ball within the device to indicate movement on the screen.

A

trackball

45
Q

With a _____, a user controls the cursor by moving his or her finger along a touch-sensitive pad.

A

Trackpad

46
Q

A ______ may serve both as an input and output device. It allows the user to navigate and select by touching the screen.

A

touch screen

47
Q

In some business where speed of data entry is top priority, they use machine reading devices, such as a barcode scanner, known as _______.

A

source data input devices

48
Q

_______ detect positions of marks or characters.

A

Optical mark recognition devices

49
Q

_______ try to interpret handwritten and printed text.

A

Optical character recognition (OCR)

50
Q

The fastest growing source data technology is ________.

A

radio-frequency identification (RFID)

51
Q

_______ is a bar code on a product in a grocery store.

A

Universal Product Code (UPC)

52
Q

A device called a magnetic-ink reader uses _______ to detect these numbers at the bottom of each bank check to automate check processing.

A

magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)

53
Q

______ is also known as image processing. It converts documents into images.

A

Imaging

54
Q

_______ is the process of translating human speech into computer-readable data and instructions.

A

Speech recognition (also called voice recognition)

55
Q

______ is currently employed by many companies for customer service as it can understand simple commands from telephone callers, who can utter answers to questions and receive recorded responses.

A

Interactive voice recognition (IVR)

56
Q

_____ are small dots that make up the images in a monitor.

A

Pixel (picture element)

57
Q

In a ______ monitor, the inner side of the screen has a layer of phosphoric dots, which make up the pixels. Electron gun receives instructions from computer and sweeps the pixel.

A

CRT (cathode-ray tube)

58
Q

________ ‘s advantages include lower power use, sharper images, and slim profile.

A

Flat-panel monitor

59
Q

_______ monitor uses a liquid crystal filled screen.

A

Liquid crystal display (LCD)

60
Q

______ is a measure of picture sharpness. It is shown as number of pixels in the width and height of the screen.

A

Resolution

61
Q

________ creates images on a page without mechanically impacting the paper.

A

Nonimpact printer

62
Q

_______ reproduces image by using mechanical impact.

A

Impact printer

63
Q

_______ is the only impact printer you might still encounter. It consist of tiny pins that strike ink ribbon against paper.

A

Dot-matrix printer

64
Q

In _______, data is organized one record after another. Must read through all records that are stored prior to the desired record.

A

sequential storage

65
Q

In ______, records are not organized sequentially, but by the physical address in the device, and can be accessed directly without going through other records.

A

direct access

66
Q

_______ are small storage devices that connect to a computer via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) receptacle.

A

Flash drives

67
Q

______ are similar to tapes used in tape recorders and VCRs, usually as cartridges.

A

Magnetic tapes

68
Q

The most widely used storage medium is the ______. It includes hard disks and floppy disks.

A

magnetic disk

69
Q

A ______ consists of one or more rigid platters installed in the same box that holds the CPU. It can be internal or external.

A

hard disk

70
Q

________ are recorded by treating the disc surface so it reflects or does not reflect light.

A

Optical discs

71
Q

______ are available as read-only, recordable, and rewritable.

A

Compact discs (CDs)

72
Q

Standard ______ can store 4.7 GB per side while more advanced ones using blue laser can store up to 50 GB.

A

digital video discs (DVDs)

73
Q

______ is also known as flash memory. It is a rewritable memory chip that can hold content without electric power.

A

Solid-state storage

74
Q

A _____ is sometimes called a thumb drive or USB flash drive.

A

USB drive

75
Q

A _______ is an alternative to magnetic disks, that does not have latency time.

A

solid state disk (SSD)

76
Q

_______ is a disk or array of disks or tapes directly connected to server.

A

Direct-attached storage (DAS)

77
Q

_______ is the ability to add more hardware or software to accommodate changing business needs.

A

Scalability

78
Q

______ is a device designed for networked storage.

A

Network-attached storage (NAS)

79
Q

_______ is a network fully devoted to storage and transfer of data between servers and storage devices.

A

Storage area network (SAN)

80
Q

DAS, NAS, and SAN often include ________, whereby data is replicated in different disks to enhance processing speed and fault tolerance.

A

RAID (redundant array of independent disks)

81
Q

_______ is the ability of the system to sustain failure of a disk, because the same data also appears on another disk.

A

Fault tolerance

82
Q

______ is the availability of network-accessible storage from an off-site computer or technology device.

A

Cloud storage

83
Q

Cloud storage vendors are sometimes called _______.

A

Storage-as-a-service

84
Q

______ are sockets that connect external devices to a computer.

A

Ports

85
Q

_______ refers to newer hardware that works with older hardware.

A

Backward compatibility

Management Information Systems (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions