Chapter 4 Birth and Newborn

Question 1

Braxton-Hicks contractions

Answer 1

The first (usually painless) contractions of childbirth.

Question 2

Prostaglandins-

Answer 2

Hormones that stimulate uterine contractions.

Question 3

Oxytocin-

Answer 3

A pituitary hormone that stimulates labor contractions.

Question 4

Neonate-

Answer 4

A newborn child

Question 5

Efface-

Answer 5

Too thin.

Question 6

Dilate-

Answer 6

Make or become wider, larger, or more open.

Question 7

Episiotomy-

Answer 7

A surgical incision in the area between the birth canal and the anus that widens the vaginal opening, preventing random tearing during childbirth.

Question 8

Midwife-

Answer 8

A woman who is trained to help/ assist woman in childbirth

Question 9

Natural Childbirth-

Answer 9

A method of childbirth in which women use no anesthesia and are educated about childbirth and strategies for coping with discomfort.

Question 10

Lamaze method-

Answer 10

A series of breathing techniques that allows the mother to dissociate from the delivery process, making it a little easier to regulate anxiety and pain perception.

Question 11

Cesarean section
(Also known as a C-section)

Answer 11

This method is where the physician delivers the baby by abdominal surgery, cutting through the abdomen and uterus to physically remove the baby. C-sections are usually used if the vaginal delivery may threaten the mother or child or may be more difficult.

Question 12

Anoxia-

Answer 12

An absence of oxygen

Question 13

Hypoxia-

Answer 13

A condition characterized by less oxygen than is required

Question 14

Schizophrenia-

Answer 14

A neurodevelopmental disorder that causes the host to perceive reality abnormally

Question 15

Breech presentation-

Answer 15

A position in which the fetus enters the birth canal buttocks first

Question 16

Preterm (Also called premature).

Answer 16

When birth occurs at or before 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 17

Lanugo-

Answer 17

Fine, downy hair that covers much of the body of neonates, especially preterm babies.

Question 18

Vernix-

Answer 18

A greasy deposit covering the skin of a baby at birth.

Question 19

Respiratory distress syndrome-

Answer 19

A cluster of breathing problems, including weak and irregular breathing, to which preterm babies are particularly prone.

Question 20

Incubator-

Answer 20

An enclosed apparatus providing a controlled environment for the care and protection of premature or unusually small babies

Question 21

Postpartum period-

Answer 21

The time that immediately follows childbirth.

Question 22

Postpartum Depression PPD-

Answer 22

Depression that occurs after childbirth, woman are also at a greater risk of developing major depression later on in life

Question 23

Apgar scale-

Answer 23

A measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of health in newborns. Tests for appearance (color: blue or pale to pink), Pulse (heart rate: absent to rapid), Grimace (reflex irritability: no response to crying/coughing), Activity level (muscle tone: limp to flexed arms/legs) and Respiratory effort ( breathing absent to regular breathing)

Question 24

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS):

Answer 24

Measures neonates’ reflexes and other behavior patterns. This test screens neonates for behavioral and neurological problems by assessing several areas of behavior: motor behavior, including muscle tone and most reflexes, response to people, response to stress, adaptive behavior, and physiological control.

Question 25

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale NNNS:

Answer 25

Created to help assess and consult with parents of infants at risk, especially infants who have been exposed to parental substance abuse. It is administered in the presence of a parent and assesses the infant’s relative stability or instability in emotional states, overall irritability, signs of stress, responses to various handling techniques, response to soothing efforts, response to auditory and visual stimulation, and ability to sooth themself.

Question 26

Reflex-

Answer 26

Simple unlearned stereotypical responses that are elicited by a certain type of stimulation. These occur automatically and are the most complex motor activities displayed by neonates.

Question 27

Rooting reflex-

Answer 27

A natural survival instinct when a babys cheek is stroked that helps a baby latch onto a bottle or breast while feeding

Question 28

Moro reflex-

Answer 28

A reflex in which infants arch their back, fling out their arms and legs, and draw them back toward the chest in response to a sudden change in position.

Question 29

Grasping reflex-

Answer 29

A reflex in which infants grasp objects that cause pressure against their palms

Question 30

Stepping reflex

Answer 30

A reflex in which infants take steps when held under the arms by leaning forward so that their feet press against the ground.

Question 31

Babinski reflex

Answer 31

A natural occurring reflex when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked, the toes fan out.

Question 32

Tonic neck reflex

Answer 32

A reflex in which infants turn their head to one side, extend the arm and leg on that side, and flex the limbs on the opposite side. Also known as the fencing position.

Question 33

Visual acuity

Answer 33

Keenness or sharpness of vision.

Question 34

Amplitude

Answer 34

Intensity or amount of energy in a wave
-Higher the amplitude → Louder the sound
-Measured in decibels

Question 35

Pitch

Answer 35

Rate of vibration, number of sound waves per min
-Lower the frequency → lower the pitch
-Measured in hertz

Question 36

REM - Rapid eye movement

Answer 36

Periods of sleep during which we are likely to dream, as indicated by rapid eye movements.

Question 37

SIDS - Sudden infant syndrome

Answer 37

An unexplained death,this usually occurs when an infant is asleep, of babies aged less than 1 years old.

Question 38

Medulla

Answer 38

The inner region of an organ or tissue, distinguishable from the outer region or cortex (similar as in a kidney, an adrenal gland, or hair)

Question 39

Serotonin

Answer 39

A chemical that carries out messages between nerve cells in the brain and throughout the body. Serotonin plays a key role in mood, digestion, nausea, wound healing, bone health, blood clotting, and sexual desires.