Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
Erikson is …
psychosocial
Freud stages
- Oral: Gratifcation deprives from oral activies, sucking on binky
- Fixation leads to dependence, depression, & gullibility (0-1) - Anal: Gratifcation deprives from controlling bladder, potty training
- Fixation leads to ocd, neatness, or sloppiness (1-3) - Phallic: Gratifcation deprives from genitals
- Fixation leads to vanity, in love with oneself but empty (3-6) - Latent: Gratifcation and sexual impulses are repressed, and sexual energy can be sublimated towards school work, hobbies, and friendships
-Fixation leads to immaturity and an inability to form fulfilling relationships as an adult (6-12) - Genital: Gratifcation deprives from sexual intercourse
-Final stage, the person seeks ways of satisfying sexual impulses in dyadic relationships, and aggressive impulses through competition, physically demanding activities, exercise, and argumentation (12+)
Freud believed …
That being unsatisfied at any particular stage can result in fixation. (They get stuck in that stage and it shows up later in life) On the other hand, being satisfied can result in a healthy personality.
- Focused on childerns personality and emotional development
Erikson stages
1.Trust vs. Mistrust: Task is to trust the key caregivers primarily mother and the environment (0 -1)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: Task is to gain the desire to make choices and self-control with ones behavior so choices can happen (1-3)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt: Task is to add initiative, planning and attempting, becoming proactive (3 - 6)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority: Task is to become absorbed in development and implementation of skills ( 6- 12)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion: Task is to associate ones skills with with social roles and develop a career path, sense of who one is and what they believe in (12 - 18)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation: Task is to commit oneself to to another and engage in mature sexual love (18 - 40)
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation: Task is to appreciate the opportunity to give back (40 - 65)
Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair: Task is to achieve wisdom and dignity in physical ability, accepting the time and place of one’s own cycle of life (65+)
Erikson believed …
Emphasized social relations and physical maturation in his Psychosocial Development. Know the names and the desired goal of Eriksons stages
Positive reinforcement
A process that strengthens the likelihood of a particular response by ADDING a stimulus after the behavior is performed
Example: Giving kid a candybar for cleaning their room
Negative reinforcement
A process that strengthens the likelihood of a particular response, but by REMOVING an undesirable consequence
Example: Taking away a chore because a kid cleaned their room
BF Skinner
Responsible for reinforcement,
Introduced the concept of reinforcement into behaviorism
Vygotsky
Believes that a child’s interaction with adults organize the child’s learning experiences
- Focused on parents/environment with children
Piaget
- Believed the learning process involves assimilation and accommodation
- Known for developing the Cognitive-Development theory. Presented the idea of adaptation and assimilation.
- Interested in childerns wrong answers
- Focused on how childern form concepts or mental representations of the world, and how they work with concepts to plan changes in the external world.
Assimilation
Attempting to interpret new information within the framework of existing knowledge
Accommodation
Making small changes to that knowledge in order to cope with things that don’t fit those existing frameworks
Conditioned stimulus
Learned
A stimulus that elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with an unconditional stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
Natural
Naturally triggers a response
Ex: Smell food and crave it
A stimulus that elicits (brings on) a reflexive (automatic) response
Classical conditioning
two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
