Chapter 4 Biology of the Cell Part 2

Question 1

What are the structures of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Nuclear envelope and nucleolus

Question 2

What is the function of nuclear pores?

Answer 2

To let genetic material enter and leave the nucleus.

Question 3

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 3

5 carbon deoxyribose (sugar), nitrogenous base, and phosphate group.

Question 4

How is DNA linked?

Answer 4

A phosphodiester bond forms a polymer.

Question 5

What is the relationship between DNA, chromatin, & genes?

Answer 5

DNA is a long strand of genes. Nucleosomes are strands of DNA wrapped around histones, which help pack the DNA densely. Chromatins are a line of nucleosomes.

Question 6

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 6

46

Question 7

What are genes?

Answer 7

Functional organization of DNA

Question 8

What is the promoter region

Answer 8

The “start” region

Question 9

What is the terminator region?

Answer 9

The “stop” region.

Question 10

What is transcription?

Answer 10

The process of forming an RNA copy of a gene sequence of DNA in the nucleus.

Question 11

What structures are involved in Transcription?

Answer 11

RNA polymerase, DNA, and ribonucleotides.

Question 12

What are the 3 steps of Transcription?

Answer 12

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 13

What causes pre-mRNA to become mature mRNA?

Answer 13

Splicing and Capping

Question 14

What is Translation?

Answer 14

The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried by the mRNA.

Question 15

What is a start codon?

Answer 15

(AUG) signal to begin protein synthesis.

Question 15

What are the required structures for Translation?

Answer 15

Ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, and amino acids.

Question 16

What is a stop codon?

Answer 16

(UAA, UAG, UGA) where mRNA reading ends.

Question 17

What are the 3 phases of Translation?

Answer 17

Initiation phase, Elongation phase, and Termination phase.

Question 18

What are the 3 sites of the ribosome that are seen in Translation?

Answer 18

A site, P site, and E site.

Question 19

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

Answer 19

Mitosis is when a cell makes a copy of itself. Meiosis is when a cell makes a cell that can turn into a baby.

Question 20

What are the 2 major phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 20

Interphase and Mitosis.

Question 21

What are the phases of Interphase?

Answer 21

G1, S, G2

Question 22

What happens during the phases of interphase

Answer 22

G1: cellular contents, excluding chromosomes, are duplicated.
S: Chromosomes are duplicated
G2: The cell double-checks the duplicated chromosomes.

Question 23

What are the phases of Mitosis?

Answer 23

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.