Ch. 6 Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the main layers of the integumentary system?
Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis
What are the derivatives of the integumentary system?
Nails, Hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
What are the 2 layers of the dermis?
Papillary and reticular
What are the 4 cell types seen in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
DCs (Langerhans)
What is the difference between thick and thin skin?
Thick skin doesn’t have hairs, sebaceous glands, and apocrine sweat glands.
What causes the differences in skin color?
Melanin
What is keratinization?
The process of migration of keratinocytes through the different strata goes through changes along the way.
What are the characteristics of the papillary layer?
Epidermal ridges & dermal papillae
What are the characteristics of the reticular layer?
Dense irregular CT, large bundles of collagen fibers
What are cleavage lines?
Collagen and elastic fibers are oriented in parallel bundles.
Why are cleavage lines important clinically?
An essential consideration for surgery because parallel incisions heal faster than perpendicular (d/t cut elastic fibers)
What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
Pads and protects the body and acts as an energy reservoir (thermal insulation).
What tissues make up the subcutaneous layer?
Adipose and areolar connective tissue.
What are the functions of integument?
Protection, prevention of water loss, metabolic regulation, secretion, adsorption, temperature regulation, and sensory reception
What are the functions of nails?
Protect distal tips of digits & assist in grasping.
What is the structure of nails?
Lanula, nail body, nail root, and eponychium (cuticle)
What are the functions of hair?
Protections, Heat retention, sensory reception, visual identification, chemical signal dispersal.
What are the 3 zones along hair?
Hair bulb, Root, Shaft.
What are the components of hair?
Hair matrix, medulla, cortex, cuticle, hair follicle, and arrector pili.
What pigments are involved in hair color?
Eumelanin & Pheomelani
What are the stages of hair growth?
Anagen phase, catagen phase, telogen phase.
What is the difference between regeneration and fibrosis?
Regeneration replaces damaged cells with the same cell type, while fibrosis fills gaps with scar tissue.
