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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Ch. 6 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main layers of the integumentary system?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis

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2
Q

What are the derivatives of the integumentary system?

A

Nails, Hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

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3
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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4
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary and reticular

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5
Q

What are the 4 cell types seen in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
DCs (Langerhans)

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6
Q

What is the difference between thick and thin skin?

A

Thick skin doesn’t have hairs, sebaceous glands, and apocrine sweat glands.

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7
Q

What causes the differences in skin color?

A

Melanin

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8
Q

What is keratinization?

A

The process of migration of keratinocytes through the different strata goes through changes along the way.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the papillary layer?

A

Epidermal ridges & dermal papillae

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the reticular layer?

A

Dense irregular CT, large bundles of collagen fibers

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11
Q

What are cleavage lines?

A

Collagen and elastic fibers are oriented in parallel bundles.

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12
Q

Why are cleavage lines important clinically?

A

An essential consideration for surgery because parallel incisions heal faster than perpendicular (d/t cut elastic fibers)

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13
Q

What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

A

Pads and protects the body and acts as an energy reservoir (thermal insulation).

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14
Q

What tissues make up the subcutaneous layer?

A

Adipose and areolar connective tissue.

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15
Q

What are the functions of integument?

A

Protection, prevention of water loss, metabolic regulation, secretion, adsorption, temperature regulation, and sensory reception

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16
Q

What are the functions of nails?

A

Protect distal tips of digits & assist in grasping.

17
Q

What is the structure of nails?

A

Lanula, nail body, nail root, and eponychium (cuticle)

18
Q

What are the functions of hair?

A

Protections, Heat retention, sensory reception, visual identification, chemical signal dispersal.

19
Q

What are the 3 zones along hair?

A

Hair bulb, Root, Shaft.

20
Q

What are the components of hair?

A

Hair matrix, medulla, cortex, cuticle, hair follicle, and arrector pili.

21
Q

What pigments are involved in hair color?

A

Eumelanin & Pheomelani

22
Q

What are the stages of hair growth?

A

Anagen phase, catagen phase, telogen phase.

23
Q

What is the difference between regeneration and fibrosis?

A

Regeneration replaces damaged cells with the same cell type, while fibrosis fills gaps with scar tissue.

Human Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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