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World History > Chapter 4- Ancient Greece > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Ancient Greece Flashcards

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1
Q

shrine

A

an area dedicated to the honor of a god or goddess

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2
Q

fresco

A

a watercolor painting done on wet plaster

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3
Q

Trojan War

A

a war that took place around 1250 B.C.; it probably originated in the economic rivalry between Mycenae and Troy

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4
Q

strait

A

a narrow water passage

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5
Q

Homer

A

a Greek poet who probably lived around 750 B.C. and traveled from village to village repeating tales of heroic deeds

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6
Q

Knossos

A

the location of a vast palace of the Minoan rulers

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7
Q

polis

A

a city-state in ancient Greece

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8
Q

acropolis

A

section of a city at a higher elevation with great marble temples dedicated to deities

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9
Q

citizen

A

free resident of a city-state

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10
Q

monarchy

A

a government in which a hereditary ruler exercises central power

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11
Q

aristocracy

A

rule by a hereditary landholding elite

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12
Q

oligarchy

A

a form of government in which power is in the hands of a small, wealthy elite

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13
Q

phalanx

A

a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers

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14
Q

Sparta

A

a city-state built by the Dorians in which daily life was ruled by military discipline

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15
Q

Athens

A

a Greek city-state that moved slowly toward democracy

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16
Q

democracy

A

government by the people

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17
Q

tyrant

A

a ruler who gained power by force

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18
Q

legislature

A

a lawmaking body

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19
Q

alliance

A

a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense

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20
Q

Pericles

A

Athenian statesman during the golden age of Athens

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21
Q

direct democracy

A

a system of government in which citizens take part directly in day-to-day affairs of government

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22
Q

stipend

A

a fixed salary

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23
Q

jury

A

a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgement in a trial

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24
Q

ostracism

A

a process by which a public figure is banished from the city for a period of years

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25
Q

philosopher

A

thinkers, or “lovers of wisdom”

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26
Q

logic

A

rational thinking

27
Q

rhetoric

A

the art of skillful speaking

28
Q

Socrates

A

an Athenian stonemason and philosopher who challenged people to seek truth and self-knowledge

29
Q

Plato

A

a student of Socrates and author of The Republic

30
Q

Aristotle

A

Plato’s most famous student, who wrote about politics, ethics, logic, and science

31
Q

Parthenon

A

a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena

32
Q

tragedy

A

a play that told a story of human suffering that usually ended in disaster

33
Q

comedy

A

a humorous play that mocked people or customs

34
Q

Herodotus

A

a writer called the “Father of History” in the Western world

35
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Macedonian leader who conquered the Persian empire and spread Greek culture during the 300s B.C.

36
Q

Philip II

A

father of Alexander the Great, a Macedonian leader who conquered Greece

37
Q

assassination

A

the murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons

38
Q

assimilate

A

to absorb into another culture

39
Q

Alexandria

A

a city in Egypt that stood at the heart of the Hellenistic world

40
Q

Pythagoras

A

a Greek mathematician who derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle

41
Q

heliocentric

A

sun-centered

42
Q

Archimedes

A

a Hellenistic scientist who applied principles of physics to make practical inventions

43
Q

Hippocrates

A

a Greek physician who studied the causes of illnesses, looked for cures, and had an oath attributed to him that set ethical standards for doctors

44
Q

Which Greek-speaking people dominated the Aegean world from about 1400 B.C. to 1200 B.C., and probably started the Trojan War?

A

Mycenaeans

45
Q

The success of the Minoans and Mycenaeans was based on what?

A

Trade

46
Q

Who was the author of the Illiad and the Odyssey?

A

Homer

47
Q

From 1100 B.C. to 900 B.C., Greek Civilization what?

A

Came under attack and its power faded

48
Q

How did the Minoans and Mycenaeans shape early Greek civilizations?

A

They wrote literature such as the Illiad and Trojan War by Homer

or

They made city-states and farmed

or

War tactics

49
Q

How did geography help shape Greek civilization?

A

Mountains and islands led to smaller, isolated communities

50
Q

What is a statement that correctly describes Athenian democracy?

A

Athens gave more people a say in government than other ancient civilizations

51
Q

What was one factor that helped unify all the Greek city-states?

A

Their common culture

52
Q

How did government and culture develop as Greek city-states grew?

A

The Greeks learned how to govern each polis and came up with new ideas to govern each city-state

53
Q

Why did Pericles approve of paying people to serve in government?

A

It allowed poor men to serve

54
Q

Who was a philosopher sentenced to death for his views?

A

Socrates

55
Q

Who was the “Father of History” in the Western world?

A

Herodotus

56
Q

Aristotle analyzed all forms of government and favored rule by what?

A

a strong, virtuous leader

57
Q

What did Greek sculptures try to show?

A

people in their most perfect, graceful form

58
Q

What did the first Greek plays grow out of?

A

religious festivals to honor the gods

59
Q

What’s the Greeks most important achievement? Why?

A

Peloponnesian War because it achieved wealth for Athens

60
Q

What was Alexander’s most lasting achievement?

A

the spread of Greek culture

61
Q

What was the Egyptian cultural capitol of the Hellenistic world?

A

Alexandria

62
Q

What did Alexander encourage in his empire?

A

a blending of cultures

63
Q

Who was a Greek physician who set ethical standards for doctors?

A

Hippocrates

64
Q

Who were two outstanding Hellenistic mathematicians?

A

Pythagoras and Euclid

World History (5 decks)

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