Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiological Psychology > Chapter 4- Anatomy of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Anatomy of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

part of the PNS is somatic nervous system- consists conveying messages from sense organs to the CNS and from CNS to the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the limbs controlled by?

A

Somatic Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

controls the heart, intestines and other organs . Has cell bodies in the brain, or spinal cord, in clusters along the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

Part of the CNS within the spinal column, communicates with all the sense organs and muscles except those in the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bell- Magendie Law

A

entering dorsal roots( axon bundles) carry sensory information, and exiting ventral roots carry motor information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dorsal root ganglia

A

clusters of neurons outside spinal cord ( contain cell bodies of sensory neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between nucleus and ganglion?

A

N- clusters inside the spinal cord

G- neuron cluster outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gray Matter

A

in center of spinal cord and the brain- densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

White Matter

A

Consists mostly of myelinated axons, carries information from the gray to the brain or other areas of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If the spinal cord is cut at a given segment…

A

brain loses all sensations from that segment and below. Also loses motor control over all parts of the body served by that segment and the lower ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Autonomic Nervous Systems

A

Sends and receives messages to regulate the automatic behaviors of the body ( heart rate, bp, digestion, respiration)

Sympathetic Nervous System & Parasympathetic systmem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What neurotransmitter does the SNS use?

A

Mostly norepinephrine ( adrenaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

network of nerves that prepare organs for vigorous activity.

Fight or Flight, comprised of ganglia on the left and right side of the spinal cord. Sympathetic ganglia are closely linked and often act as single system in sympathy with one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

facilitates vegetative, nonemergency responses . Decreases functions increased by the SNS , conserves energy, dominate during relaxed states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What neurotransmitter does the PNS use?

A

Mostly Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Because system uses two different neurotransmitters…

A

certain drugs excite or inhibit one system or another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Hindbrain

A

consists of medulla, pons and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brainstem

A

consists of medulla, pons, midbrain and hindbrain. Controls vital reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Medulla

A

enlarged extension of spinal cord, controls some vital reflexes through cranial nerve, located just above the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pons

A

lies anterior and ventral to medulla and contains nuclei for several cranial nerves

Contains the Reticular Formation- has ascending and descending portions

Raphe system- sends axons to much of the forebrain, modifying brain’s readiness to respond to stimuli

22
Q

What does the Reticular Formation Ascending portion do?

A

sends output to much of cerebral cortex, selectively increases arousal and attention

23
Q

What does the Reticular Formation descending portion do?

A

helps control motor axons of spinal cord

24
Q

Cerebellum

A

large hindbrain structure with many deep folds ( 70% of all neurons in your system )

contributes to control of movement, balance and coordination, helps people shift attention back and forth between auditory and visual stimuli

Cerebellum size= more dexterity

25
Substania Nigra
gives rise to dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement, death of neurons in this area is cause for Parkinson's disease
26
Forebrain
most anterior and most prominent part of mammalian brain, consists of right and left hemispheres, each one organized to receive sensory information and to control muscles
27
Outer portion of the forebrain is
Cerebral cortex ( more folds= surface area for neurons) houses the limbic system- interlinked structures that form border around brainstem, important for motivations and emotions, drives aggression and memory )
28
Diencephalon of the forebrain...
consists of thalamus and hypothalamus
29
Thalamus
pair of structures in center of forebrain. most sensory information goes first to thalamus, which processes it and sends output to cerebral cortex except for olfactory information helps focus attention on particular stimuli
30
Hypothalamus
small area near base of the brain just ventral to thalamus has widespread connections with rest of forebrain and the midbrain, conveys messages to pituitary gland, altering its release of hormones, associated with drives
31
If the hypothalamus is damaged?
loss of sense of hunger and sexual motivation
32
Pituitary gland
an endocrine gland attached to base of hypothalamus that receives messages from hypothalamus and then synthesizes and releases hormones into bloodstream
33
Basal Ganglia
group of cortical structures lateral to thalamus contains caudate nucles, putamen and globus pallidus has subdivision that exchange information with different parts of cerebral cortex, most connections are with frontal areas of cortex. Responsible for planning sequences of behavior and for certain aspects of memory and emotional expression, attention, motor movement and language planning
34
Hippocampus
large structure between thalamus and cerebral cortex. critical for learning and memory, especially for forming new memories and temporary storage . critical for encoding episodic memories
35
The ventricles
four fluid filled cavities within the brain, flow of CSF through ventricles provides " cushioning" for the brain, reserved for hormones and nutrition for the brain and spinal cord
36
Meninges
membranes that surround brain and spinal cord, the brain has no pain receptors but these do
37
Cerebral Cortex
divided into two halves, joined by the corpus callosum. Divided into four lobes: Occipital, Parietal, Temporal and Frontal
38
Parietal Lobe
lies between occipital lobe and the central sulcus, contains postcentral gyrus ( main target for touch sensations and information from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors ) Important for numbers and spatial information
39
Temporal Lobe
lateral portion of each hemisphere near the temples primary target for auditory information, essential for understanding spoken language but not for producing it. also contribute to complex aspects of vision, perception of movement and recognition of faces. They also play a part in emotional and motivational behaviors Kluver Bucy syndrome associated with temporal lobe damage
40
Frontal Lobe
extends from central suclus to anterior limit of brain contains primary motor cortex and prefrontal cortex precentral gyrus - specialized for control fine movement
41
Prefrontal cortex-
recieves information from all sensory systems, but it not primary target for any one responsible for higher functions such as abstract thinking, planning and working memory
42
What is the binding problem?
how visual, auditory and other areas of the brain produce a perception of a single object
43
Ablation
removal of brain area
44
lesion
damage to brain area
45
Sterotaxic instrument
device for precise placement of electrodes in brain
46
Sham lesion
lesion produced in control group
47
Electrocephalograph
records electrical activity of the brain through electrodes applied to the scalp. good temporal resolution
48
Optogenetics
a technique that allows researchers to turn on activity in targeted neurons by a device that shines a laser within the brain
49
Magentoencephalograph
measures faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity . can localize source of signal better than EEG
50
fMRI
measures oxygen consumption in the brain
51
Einstein had an unusually large
parietal lobe, useful for numbers and spatial information

Physiological Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions