Chapter 4 Anatomy

Question 1

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 1

Found: Skin surface, lining if GI tract organs and other hallow organs
Function: forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes,absorbs, filters

Question 2

Connective Tissue

Answer 2

Found: Bones, tendons, fat and other tissues together
Function: supports, protects, binds other tissues together

Question 3

Muscle Tissue

Answer 3

Found: muscles attached to bones (skeletal), muscles of heart (cardiac), muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth).
Function: contracts to cause movement

Question 4

Nervous Tissue

Answer 4

Found: Brain, spinal cord, and nervous
Function: internal communications

Question 5

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 5

Found: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity.
Functions:Allow materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protections not important secretes lubricating substances in serosae.

Question 6

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 6

Found: Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface
Function: Secretion and absorption

Question 7

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 7

Found: conciliated types lines most of the digestive tract, gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands. Ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.
Function:absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus by ciliary action.

Question 8

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 8

Found: Trachea most upper respiratory tract
Function: secretes substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action.

Question 9

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 9

Found: moist lining of esophagus, mouth and vagina
Function: protects underlying tissue in areas subjected to abrasion.

Question 10

Transitional epithelium

Answer 10

Found: lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra
Function: stretches readily, permits stored urine to distend urinary organ.

Question 11

Endocrine glands

Answer 11

• ductless glands

- they produce hormones, messenger chemical that they secrete by exocytosis directly into the extracellular space.

Question 12

Exocrine glands

Answer 12

• secrete their products into body surfaces(skin) or into body cavities.
• unicellular glands do so by exocytosis whereas the multicellular glands do so via an epithelium-walled duct that transports the secretion to the epithelial surface.

Question 13

Simple glands

Answer 13

unbranched duct

Question 14

Compound gland

Answer 14

branched duct

Question 15

3 main types of secretion in human exocrine glands

Answer 15

merocrine, holocrine, or apocrine glands

Question 16

Merocrine glands

Answer 16

secrete their products by exocytosis as they are produced.

example: pancreas, most sweat glands, and salivary glands belong to this class

Question 17

Holocrine glands

Answer 17

accumulate their products within them until they rupture.
“die for their cause”
example: sebaceous oil glands

Question 18

Apocrine glands

Answer 18

accumulate their products only beneath the free surface
example: the release of lipid droplets by lactating mammary glands, but most histologists classify mammary glands as merocrine glands because this is the means by which milk proteins are secreted.

Question 19

Characteristics common to all connective tissue

Answer 19

common origin: they all derive from mesenchyme

degrees of vascularity: cartilage is avascular, dense connective tissue is poorly vascularized, and others have a rich supply of blood vessels.

Extracellular matrix: all other primary tissues are composed mainly of cells, but connective tissues are largely nonliving. because of this connective tissue can withstand great tension, and endure abuses, such as physical trauma and abrasion that no other tissue can tolerate.

Question 20

Areolar connective tissue

Answer 20

Found: under Epithelium of body; forms lamina propia of mucus membranes, packages organs; surrounds capillaries.

Fibers: All three fibers

Question 21

Adipose connective tissue

Answer 21

Found: under skin, in breast

Question 22

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 22

Found: lymphoid organs such as the spleen

Fibers: reticular fibers

Question 23

Dense regular connective tissue

Answer 23

Found: tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

Fibers: Primarily parallel collagen fibers, a few elastic fibers

Question 24

Dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 24

Found: fibrous capsules of organs and of joints, dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract

Fibers: Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers.

Question 25

Elastic dense connective tissue

Answer 25

Found: walls of large arteries Fibers: high portion of elastic fibers

Question 26

Bone

Answer 26

rocklike hardness has ability to support and protect body structures. Functions: stores calcium and other minerals and fats

Question 27

Blood

Answer 27

Found: within blood vessels Function:transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances.

Question 28

Nervous tissue

Answer 28

Found: brain spinal cord, and nerves Function: neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors which control their activity.

Question 29

Smooth muscle

Answer 29

Found: mostly in the walls of hallow organs Functions: propels substances or objects along internal passageways; involuntary control

Question 30

Skeletal muscle

Answer 30

Found: voluntary movement, locomotion; manipulation of the environment Function: in skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin

Question 31

Cardiac muscle

Answer 31

Found: the walls of the heart Function: as it contracts it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control

Question 32

Steps of tissue repair in order

Answer 32

1. Inflammation sets the stage 2. Organization restores the blood supply 3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair

Question 33

Regeneration:

Answer 33

replaces destroyed tissue with the same kind of tissue

Question 34

Fibrosis:

Answer 34

fibrous connective tissue proliferates to form scar tissue.