Ch 3 Anatomy Vocabulary

Question 1

Mitochondria

Answer 1

• threadlike or lozenge-shaped membranous organelles.

- produce ATP

Question 2

Anucleate

Answer 2

cells cannot reproduce therefore live in the bloodstream for only three to four months before they deteriorate.

Question 3

Multinucleate

Answer 3

have many nuclei

Question 4

Nuclear envelope

Answer 4

• a double membrane barrier separated by a fluid-filled space.
• selectively permeable

Question 5

Nucleoli

Answer 5

-dark-staining spherical bodies found within the nucleus where ribosomal subunits are assembled.

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

• 30% DNA
• 60% globular histone proteins
• 10%RNA chains, newly formed or forming

Question 7

Chromosome

Answer 7

chromatin coil and condense enormously to form short, warlike bodies

Question 8

Contact inhibition

Answer 8

-normal cells stop proliferating when they begin touching

Question 9

Cyclins

Answer 9

regulatory proteins whose levels rise and fall during each cell cycle

Question 10

Cdks

Answer 10

• are present in a constant concentration in the cell and are activated by binding to particular cyclins

Question 11

Exons

Answer 11

amino-acid specifying informational sequences

Question 12

Introns

Answer 12

-noncoding often repetitive segments that range from 60 to 100000 nucleotides.

Question 13

Transcription

Answer 13

transfers information from a DNA base sequence to the complimentary base sequence an mRNA molecule

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

-the language of nucleic acids is translated into the language of proteins.

Question 15

Genetic code

Answer 15

the rules by which the base sequence of a gene is translated into an amino acid sequence