Chapter 4 Acute and chronic injuries and illnesses of the musculoskeletal system

Question 1

Acute injuries

Answer 1

occur quickly can be classified as internal or external pain and loss of function is immediate

Question 2

what are the three grades of tear for muscle strains

Answer 2

grade1:
minimum number of fibers torn
grade2:
significant number of fibers torn
grade3:
complete tear of all fibers

Question 3

overuse injuries

Answer 3

occurs when an athlete has high levels of workload and low levels of rest (e.g. golfers elbow)

Question 4

arthritis

Answer 4

characterised by inflammation of the joints in the body causing pain and stiffness.

Question 5

what are the three types of arthritis

Answer 5

juvenile arthritis:
occurs in children below 16yrs
very unpredictable mobility can be compromised, cause is unknown.
osteoarthritis:
cartilage wears away, bone rubs on bone, degenerative condition resulting from overuse, affects weight bearing joints.
rheumatoid arthritis:
chronic disease from auto immune response of the body, immune system attacks the tissues lining the joints causing pain and swelling

Question 6

osteoporosis

Answer 6

is a condition in
which the bones become weak
and thin and therefore brittle.

Question 7

factors that increase the likelihood of acquiring rheumatoid and osteoarthritis

Answer 7

osteoarthritis:
45>, unfit, overweight, joint trauma, repetitive stress on a joint
rheumatoid arthritis:
age, female, family history, Tabaco use

Question 8

factors that increase the likelihood of acquiring osteoporosis

Answer 8

sedentary behavior, physically inactive, poor calcium intake, vitamin D defiance, >55, female

Question 9

what 4 preventative strategy’s that can reduce the likelihood of injury

Answer 9

-pre-participation screening
-developing physical fitness appropriate to the activity
-developing correct skill and techniques
-warm-ups, stretching and cool-downs

Question 10

what is the purpose of a warm-up

Answer 10

increases heart rate, respiratory rate, blood flow to muscles, extensibility of muscle fibers and enzyme activity.

Question 11

what is the purpose of a cool-down

Answer 11

-prevents venous pooling (build up of the blood in the veins)
-ensures waste products (e.g. lactic acid) are broken down and removed from body.
-reduce the potential for muscle soreness.
- allows the body to return to homeostasis

Question 12

what is taping and what are the benefits and why is it used

Answer 12

-reduces the likelihood of injury by restricting the range of movement in the joint affected

Question 13

what are the two types of taping

Answer 13

preventative:
can reduce the chance of injury
kinesiology:
allows an athlete a greater range of movement while still offering support to an injured muscle or joint.

Question 14

what is proprioceptive feedback

Answer 14

is the ability for muscles to send a message to the brain about its current position

Question 15

braces

Answer 15

-play a similar role to tapping in prevention of injuries.
-can be used without the assistance of a professional
-longer lasting and cheaper in the long run.