Chapter 2 structure and functions of the skeletal system Flashcards
5 main functions of the skeletal system
body movement
framework
protection
mineral storage
production of red blood cells
2 types of bones and there function/ structure
compact bone:
found in the middle of long bones, provides rigidity and high tensile strength
Cancellous bone:
spongy and less dense, provides shock absorption.
five types of bones
long
short
flat
sesamoid
irregular
types of connective tissues and function
cartilage:
smooth slightly elastic found in various forms within the body
Ligaments:
cross over joints joining bone to bone
tendons;
inelastic and very strong connect muscles to bone
6 types of synovial joints
ball and socket
hinge
pivot
gliding
condyloid
saddle
superior, inferior
superior=up, inferior=down
posterior, anterior
posterior=back, anterior=forward
medial, lateral
medial= closer to the midline of the body
lateral= further away from the midline of the body
proximal, distal
proximal=closer to the attachment point of the limb.
distal=further away from the attachment point of the limb.
superficial, deep
superficial=towards the surface of a structure
deep= further away from the surface of a structure.
flexion extension
flexion=decrease the angle of the joint
extension=increase the angle of the joint
abduction, adduction
abduction=movement of body part away from the midline of the body
adduction=movement of a body part back towards the midline of the body
circumduction, rotation
circumduction=movement of the end of the bone in a circular motion
rotation= movement of a body part around a central axis
pronation, supanation
pronation=rotation of the hand so that the thumb moves in towards the body\
supanation=rotation of the hand so that the thumb moves away from the body
eversion, inversion
eversion= movement of the sole of the foot away from the midline.
inversion=movement of the sole of the foot towards the midline
dorsi flexion, plantar flexion
dorsi flexion= decrease in the angle of the joint between the foot and lower leg.
plantar flexion= increase in the angle of the joint between the foot and lower leg.
elevation, depression
elevation=movement of shoulders to the head
depression=movement of shoulders away from the head.
names of the region of the vertebrae column and amount of vertebrae in each one from superior to inferior
cervical(5), thoracic(7), lumbar(5), sacral(5 fused together), coccyx(4 fused together)
what is the anatomical position
refers to a person standing erect, facing forwards arms by the side and palms facing forwards
