Chapter 4 - Acids and redox Flashcards
What is an acid?
A substance which in an aqueous solution will release H+ ions
Why are acids referred to as proton donors?
They release a proton in the form of a H+ ion to ‘donate’ to a base
What is a strong acid?
A substance where every molecule of the acid is split up into H+ and a negative ion in aqueous solution. None of it exists as the whole molecule (100% ionised), it completely disassociates
What are the four main strong acids?
Hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, phopshoric
What is the equation for a strong acid in solution?
HA → H+ + A-
What is the equation for hydrochloric acid being ionised in solution?
HCl → H+ + Cl-
What is the equation for sulfuric acid being ionised in solution?
H2SO4 → H+ + HSO4-
What is the equation for nitric acid being ionised in solution?
HNO3 → H+ + NO3-
What is the equation for phosphoric acid being ionised in solution?
H3PO4 → H+ + H2PO4-
What is a weak acid?
A substance where only some of the acid molecules are split up into H+ and a negative ion in aqueous solution. Some of it still exists as the whole molecule, it partially disassociates
What is the equation for a weak acid being ionised in solution?
AH ⇌ H+ + A-
What are some examples of weak acids?
Carboxylic acids and most organic acids
What is a base?
A substance that neutralises an acid to form a salt
What is an alkali?
A base that dissolves in water to release hydroxide (OH-) ions into the solution
What is the word equation for a neutralisation reaction between an acid and an alkali?
acid + alkali → salt + water