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OCR A Level Chemistry > ALL ORGANIC SYNTHESIS > Flashcards

ALL ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Halogen
UV light
Mechanism: free radical substitution

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2
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2
Ni catalyst
Mechanism: electrophilic addition

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3
Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

Hydrogen halide
Mechanism: electrophilic addition

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4
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

CN- (NaCN or KCN)
Ethanol
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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5
Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

NH3 (excess)
Ethanol
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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6
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

H2O/steam
H3PO4
Mechanism: electrophilic addition

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7
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

H3PO4 or H2SO4 (acid catalyst)
heat
Don’t need mechanism - dehydration reaction

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8
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH aq
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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9
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

NaX
H2SO4
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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10
Q

Nitrile to amine

A

H2
Ni catalyst
Don’t need mechanism - reduction reaction

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11
Q

Hydroxynitrile to amine

A

H2
Ni catalyst
Don’t need mechanism - reduction reaction

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12
Q

Secondary alcohol to ketone

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
reflux
Don’t need mechanism - oxidation reaction

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13
Q

Ketone to secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4
Mechanism: nucleophilic addition

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14
Q

Ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN aq
H+ aq
Mechanism: nucleophilic addition

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15
Q

Hydroxynitrile/amine to carboxylic acid

A

H2O
HCl
Heat
Don’t need mechanism - hydrolysis

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16
Q

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
Distillation
Don’t need mechanism - partial oxidation reaction

17
Q

Primary alcohol/aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
Reflux
Don’t need mechanism - complete oxidation

18
Q

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

NaBH4
Nucleophilic addition

19
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

SOCl2
Don’t need mechanism

20
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

H2O
Don’t need mechanism

21
Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

A

NH3
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

22
Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

Primary amine
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

23
Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

Alcohol
Don’t need mechanism

24
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol
Conc H2SO4
(Heat)
Don’t need mechanism - esterification

25
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid
Heat
Don’t need mechanism - acid hydrolysis

26
Q

Ester to carboxylate

A

OH-
Heat
Don’t need mechanism - alkaline hydrolysis

27
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Carboxylic acid/conc H2SO4
OR acid anhydride
(Heat)
Don’t need mechanism - esterification

28
Q

Benzene to nitrobenzene

A

Conc HNO3
Conc H2SO4
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution

29
Q

Benzene to methylbenzene

A

CH3Cl
AlCl3
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution

30
Q

Benzene to acylated benzene ring

A

CH3COCl
AlCl3
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution

31
Q

Benzene to mono sub halogen benzene ring

A

X2
AlX3
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution

32
Q

Nitrobenzene to benzene with NH2

A

Sn
Conc HCl
No mechanism needed - reduction

33
Q

Phenol to 2 OR 4 nitrophenol

A

Dilute HNO3
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution

34
Q

Phenol to sodium phenoxide

A

NaOH aq
No mechanism needed - neutralisation reaction

35
Q

Phenol to 2,4,6 tri bromo phenol

A

(3)Br2
Mechanism: electrophilic substitution

OCR A Level Chemistry (29 decks)

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