Chapter 4 (A/B/C) Flashcards
Typical Development
When behaviours, skills or abilities fall within the expected range of development or progress at a similar pace compared to peers of similar age
Typical Behaviours
Patterns of behaviour that are expected of an individual or conform to the standards of what is considered acceptable (for given situations)
Atypical Development
When behaviours, skills or abilities fall outside the expected range of development or progress at a different pace compared to similar-aged peers
Atypical Behaviours
Patterns of behaviour that are not expected of an individual or that deviate from the norm and can be harmful/distressing for them or people around them
Factors To Categorise A(Typical) Behaviours
Maladaptive - when behaviour is unhelpful, dysfunctional and non-productive
Cultural Perspectives - cultural norms and standards to determine if behaviour is acceptable
Social Norms - shared standards or social beliefs about what is normal, acceptable and typical behaviour
Personal Distress - state in which a individual experiences unpleasant or upsetting emotions
Statistical Rarity - if the behaviour drastically deviates from average or mean
Normality
the state of having thoughts, feelings and behaviours considered normal and acceptable
Abnormality
the state of deviating from the norm (usually in undesirable way)
Approaches To Normality
Socio-Cultural - According to a particular set of codes relating to the social and cultural context that they are part of
Functional - Thoughts, feelings, and behaviours allow them to cope with the demands of everyday lives
Statistical - how majority of people think, feel and behave
Historical - what people perceive as normal changes throughout time
Situational - what is acceptable in different contexts
Adaptive And Maladaptive
Ada - being able to adjust to environment appropriately and function effectively
Mala - being unable to adjust to environment appropriately and function effectively
Another way of considering what is ‘normal’
Can be categorised as cognitive, emotional and behavioural
Neurotypical
Term used to describe individuals who display expected neurological and cognitive functioning
Neurodiverse
Variations in neurological development and functioning
Neurodivergent
Individuals who have a variation in neurological development and functioning
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Persistent neurodevelopment disorder characterised by symptoms evident from early childhood (can be mild, moderate or severe) relating to social communication impairments and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviour
Diagnosis
Difficulties become apparent in early childhood (normally diagnosed between 18-24 months)
Lifelong condition
No specific medical procedure
Interviews, behavioural observations and developmental assessments to establish an understanding of child’s behaviour patterns
Risks And Contributing Factors
No single known cause
Likely multiple causes for variations of Autism that have different degrees of severity
Biological factors proposed as risk-
- genetic mutations
- advanced parental age (45+)
- low birth weight
- physical/chemical changes in developing brain
