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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bi-

A

Two,twice, double

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2
Q

-cele

A

Hernia, tumor, swelling.

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3
Q

fasci/o

A

Fascia, fibrous band

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4
Q

dys-

A

Bad, difficult, or painful.

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5
Q

fibr/o

A

Fibrous tissue, fiber.

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6
Q

-ia

A

Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

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7
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

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8
Q

Kines/o

A

Movement

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9
Q

My/ o

A

Muscle

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10
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis, stroke

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11
Q
  • rrhexis
A

Rupture

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12
Q

tax/o

A

Coordination, order

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13
Q

ten/o

A

Tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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14
Q

Kinesi/o

A

Movement

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15
Q

tend/o

A

Tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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16
Q

ton/o

A

Stretching, tension

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17
Q

Tendin/o

A

Tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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18
Q

tri-

A

three

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19
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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20
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

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21
Q

Adhesion

A

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

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22
Q

atexia

A

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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23
Q

atonic

A

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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24
Q

atrophy

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

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25
Q

bradykinesia

A

Extreme slowness in movement

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26
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve

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27
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome

A

A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity

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28
Q

Circumduction

A

The circular movement at the far end of the limb

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29
Q

Contracture

A

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues

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30
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Movement the bends the foot upward at the ankle

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31
Q

dyskinesia

A

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

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32
Q

dystonia

A

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

33
Q

Electromyography

A

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to the nerve stimulation

34
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

35
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and work environment

36
Q

Exteriors physiologist

A

A specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

37
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the fascia

38
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms

39
Q

Ganglion cyst

A

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

40
Q

Heel spur

A

A calcium deposit in the planter fascia near its attachment to the heel bone

41
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting on side of the body

42
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

43
Q

Hernia

A

The protrusion of a part of the structure through the tissues normally containing it

44
Q

Hyperkinesis

A

Abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity

45
Q

Hypotonia

A

A condition of diminishing tone of the skeletal muscles

46
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

Inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

47
Q

Insertion

A

The point where the muscle ends by attaching to the bone or tendon

48
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and relieved by rest

49
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system

50
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.

51
Q

Myocele

A

The herniation ( protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

52
Q

Myoclonus

A

The quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

53
Q

Myofasial release

A

A specialized soft- tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorder, and carpal tunnel syndrome

54
Q

Myolysis

A

The degeneration of muscle tissue

55
Q

Myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis

56
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing of a muscle

57
Q

Neuromuscular

A

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

58
Q

Oblique

A

Slanted or at an angle

59
Q

Origin

A

The point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

60
Q

Paralysis

A

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

61
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

62
Q

Physiatrist

A

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

63
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

64
Q

Polymyositis

A

A muscle disease characterized by the stimultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

65
Q

Pronation

A

The act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

66
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities

67
Q

Sarcopenia

A

The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

68
Q

Shin split

A

A painful condition caused by the tibia lid anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia ( shin bone)

69
Q

Singultus

A

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups

70
Q

Sphincter

A

A ring- like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

71
Q

Sprain

A

An injury to a joint, such as the ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

72
Q

Tendonesis

A

The suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

73
Q

Tenolysis

A

The release of a tendon from adhesions.

74
Q

Tenorrhaphy

A

The surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

75
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

76
Q

Tenotomy

A

A surgical incision into a tendon

77
Q

Torticollis

A

A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck

78
Q

Transverse

A

In a crosswise direction

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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