chapter 4

Question 1

earth’s center, highly pressurized

Answer 1

Core

Question 2

the theory that earth is divided into rigid plates that slowly move

Answer 2

Plate tectonics

Question 3

section of earth that lies below the crust and above the outer core

Answer 3

mantle

Question 4

liquid rock within the earth

Answer 4

magma

Question 5

tectonic plate gradually moving across the mantle

Answer 5

continental drift

Question 6

places where crust stretches until it breaks

Answer 6

rift valley

Question 7

areas of oceans where rocks gradually sink because they have no supporting heat below them, the flattest region

Answer 7

abyssal plains

Question 8

areas where the surface extends under shallow water

Answer 8

continental shelves

Question 9

deep valley marking a collision of plates where one plate slides underneath another one

Answer 9

trench

Question 10

places where rocks have been compressed into bends by colliding plates

Answer 10

folds

Question 11

places where rock masses have been broken apart and are moving away from each other

Answer 11

faults

Question 12

the process by which rocks break and decay over time

Answer 12

weathering

Question 13

small particles of rock

Answer 13

sediment

Question 14

movement of surface material from one location to another, usually caused by water or wind

Answer 14

erosion

Question 15

thick masses of ice including great ice sheets and bodies of ice that flow down mountains like slow rivers

Answer 15

glaciers

Question 16

an elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby lands

Answer 16

plateau

Question 17

fan shaped deposits of mud and gravel often found along side mountains

Answer 17

alluvial fan

Question 18

accumulation of sediment around the rivers mouth

Answer 18

delta

Question 19

process of removing salt form the ocean

Answer 19

desalination

Question 20

first and smallest streams formed from the runoff of a mountain

Answer 20

head waters

Question 21

any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger one

Answer 21

tributary

Question 22

the entire region drained by a river or tributary

Answer 22

watershed

Question 23

a region drained by a river

Answer 23

drainage basin

Question 24

semi enclosed bodies of water where a river meets an inlet

Answer 24

estuaries

Question 25

landscapes cover with water for at least part a year

Answer 25

wetlands

Question 26

broken down plant and animal matter

Answer 26

humus

Question 27

downward movement of sediment

Answer 27

leaching

Question 28

plowing a field across a hill instead of up and down

Answer 28

contour plowing

Question 29

a condition in which soil has lost nutrients

Answer 29

soil exhaustion

Question 30

the practice of planting different crops in a field in alternating years

Answer 30

crop rotation

Question 31

a process in which water is artificially supplied to the land

Answer 31

irrigation

Question 32

salt build up in soil

Answer 32

soil salinization

Question 33

destruction of forests

Answer 33

deforestation

Question 34

the replanting of trees

Answer 34

reforestation