Chapter 3

Question 1

Weather

Answer 1

the condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place

Question 2

Climate

Answer 2

weather conditions in a region over a long period of time

Question 3

Temperature

Answer 3

movement of heat

Question 4

greenhouse effect

Answer 4

the process in which earth’s atmosphere traps warm air

Question 5

global warming

Answer 5

the process in which earth grows warmer over a period of time

Question 6

cyclones

Answer 6

winds around centers of low atmospheric pressure

Question 7

prevailing winds

Answer 7

winds that blow from the same direction most of the time

Question 8

doldrums

Answer 8

area with no prevailing winds

Question 9

front

Answer 9

zone of contact between two air masses of widely different temperature or moisture level

Question 10

evaporation

Answer 10

liquid turns to gas

Question 11

humidity

Answer 11

amount of water vapor in the air

Question 12

condensation

Answer 12

water vapor turns to liquid

Question 13

orographic effect

Answer 13

cooling effect that occurs when air is forced to rise over a mountain

Question 14

rain shadow

Answer 14

a drier area on the leeward of a mountain

Question 15

tornadoes

Answer 15

violent twisting air

Question 16

hurricanes

Answer 16

the most powerful and destructive tropical storms

Question 17

typhoons

Answer 17

hurricane in the west pacific

Question 18

permafrost

Answer 18

permanently frozen soil

Question 19

ecosystem

Answer 19

communities of plants and animals

Question 20

monsoon

Answer 20

a wind system in which wind doesn’t change direction

Question 21

arid

Answer 21

dry climate

Question 22

savannas

Answer 22

areas of tropical grassland and shrubs, and scattered trees

Question 23

deciduous forest

Answer 23

trees that loose their leaves

Question 24

coniferous forest

Answer 24

cone bearing evergreen trees