Chapter 4

Question 1

An ion with a negative charge

Answer 1

Anion

Question 2

One-half the distance between the nuclei in the two adjacent atoms of the same element.

Answer 2

Atomic radius

In general: decrease across period; increase down group

Question 3

An ion with a positive charge

Answer 3

Cation

Question 4

A process in which the identity of matter changes

Answer 4

Chemical process

Question 5

Half the distance between adjacent, identical nuclei in a molecule.

Answer 5

Covalent radius

Question 6

The actual magnitude of positive charge that is “experienced” by an electron in the atom.

Answer 6

Effective nuclear charge

Question 7

The energy released when an atom in the gas phase accepts an electron.

Answer 7

Electron affinity (EA)

Question 8

Atom or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons giving it a positive or negative charge.

Answer 8

Ion

Question 9

The radius of a cation or an anion

Answer 9

Ionic radius

Question 10

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.

Answer 10

Ionization energy (IE)

Question 11

Descrives two or more species with identical electron configurations.

Answer 11

Isoelectronic

Question 12

A series of two or more species that have identical electron configurations but different nuclear charges.

Answer 12

Isoelectronic series

Question 13

Elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table

Answer 13

Main group elements

Question 14

Half the distance between the nuclei of two adjacent identical metal atoms

Answer 14

Metallic radius

Question 15

Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals

Answer 15

Metalloid

Question 16

The partial obstruction of nuclear charge by core electrons.

Answer 16

Shielding

Question 17

The outermost electrons of an atom.

Answer 17

Valence electrons

Question 18

Refers to the similar properties shared by elements in different groups and periods in the periodic table.

Answer 18

A Diagonal Relationship

Question 19

From where does a d-block element lose electrons first?

Answer 19

Shell with highest principal q-number. (e.g., electrons in 4s before 3d.)

Question 20

Modern periodic table devised independently by ___ and ___ in the 19th century.

Answer 20

Mendeleev and Meyer

Question 21

___ refined the periodic table with the concept of atomic number in the early 20th century.

Answer 21

Moseley

Question 22

1st Ionization Energy tends to ___ across a period and ___ down a group.

Answer 22

increase, decrease

Question 23

Atomic radius tends to ___ across a period and ___ down a group.

Answer 23

decrease, increase

Question 24

Electron affinity tends to ___ across a period and ___ down a group.

Answer 24

Increase, n/a

Question 25

Metallic Character tends to ___ across a period and ___ down a group.

Answer 25

Decrease, Increase