Chapter 3

Question 1

Series of elements that has partially filled 5f and/or 6d subshells.

Answer 1

Actinide series

Question 2

The vertical distance from the midline of a wave to the top of the peak or the bottom of the trough.

Answer 2

Amplitude

Question 3

Describes the shape of the atomic orbital

Answer 3

Angular momentum quantum number (ℓ)

Question 4

The wave function of an electron in an atom

Answer 4

Atomic orbital

Question 5

The process by which the periodic table can be built up by successively adding one proton to the nucleus and one electron to the appropriate atomic orbital.

Answer 5

Aufbau principle

Question 6

The electromagnetic radiation emitted from a heated solid.

Answer 6

Blackbody radiation

Question 7

Energy stored within the structural units (molecules or polyatomic ions) of chemical substances.

Answer 7

Chemical energy

Question 8

Atomic orbital in which the angular momentum quantum number is 2.

Answer 8

d orbital

Question 9

A wavelength calculated using the following equation: λ = h/mu

Answer 9

de Broglie wavelength

Question 10

Having equal energy

Answer 10

Degenerate

Question 11

A species without unpaired electrons that is weakly repelled by magnetic fields.

Answer 11

Diamagnetic

Question 12

Consists of radio waves, microwave radiation, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X rays, and gamma rays.

Answer 12

Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 13

A wave that has an electric field component and a magnetic field component.

Answer 13

Electromagnetic wave

Question 14

The distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals of an atom.

Answer 14

Electron configuration

Question 15

The probability that an electron will be found in a particular region of an atom.

Answer 15

Electron density

Question 16

The fourth quantum number that differentiates two electrons in the same orbital.

Answer 16

Electron spin quantum number (ms), either +(1/2) or -(1/2)

Question 17

The potential energy that results from the interaction of charged particles.

Answer 17

Electrostatic energy

Question 18

the light emitted, either as a continuum or in discrete lines, by a substance in an excited electronic state.

Answer 18

Emission spectrum

Question 19

The capacity to do work or transfer heat

Answer 19

Energy

Question 20

A state that is higher in energy than the ground state.

Answer 20

Excited state

Question 21

Atomic orbital in which the angular momentum quantum number is 3.

Answer 21

f orbital

Question 22

The number of waves that pass through a particular point in 1s.

Answer 22

Frequency (v)

Question 23

The lowest energy state of an atom.

Answer 23

Ground state

Question 24

It is impossible to know simultaneously both the momentum and the position of a particle with certainty.

Answer 24

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Question 25

The most stable arrangement of electrons in orbitals of equal energy is the one in which the number of electrons with the same spin is maximized.

Answer 25

Hund’s rule

Question 26

The SI unit of energy

Answer 26

Joule (J)

Question 27

The energy that results from motion

Answer 27

Kinetic energy

Question 28

A series of 14 elements that have incompletely filled 4f subshells or that readily give rise to cations that have incompletely filled 4f subshells.

Answer 28

Lanthanide (rare earth) series

Question 29

First law of thermodynamics stating that energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

Answer 29

Law of conservation of energy

Question 30

The emission or absorption of light only at discrete wavelengths.

Answer 30

Line spectrum

Question 31

Describes the orientation of an orbital in space.

Answer 31

Magnetic quantum number (mℓ)

Question 32

A representation in an electron configuration that shows in brackets the most recently completed noble gas.

Answer 32

Noble gas core

Question 33

A point at which a standing wave has zero amplitude; points at which electron density in an atom is zero.

Answer 33

Node

Question 34

Atomic orbital in which the angular momentum quantum number is 1

Answer 34

p orbital

Question 35

No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers

Answer 35

Pauli exclusion principle

Question 36

A phenomenon in which electrons are ejected from the surface of a metal exposed to light of at least a certain minimum frequency.

Answer 36

Photoelectric effect

Question 37

A quantum of light

Answer 37

Photon

Question 38

The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its position

Answer 38

Potential energy

Question 39

Designates the size of the orbital.

Answer 39

Principal quantum number (n)

Question 40

The smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted (or absorbed) in the form of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 40

Quantum

Question 41

Numbers required to describe the arrangement of electrons in an atom

Answer 41

Quantum numbers

Question 42

Atomic orbital in which the angular momentum quantum number is 0.

Answer 42

s orbital

Question 43

The energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules

Answer 43

Thermal energy

Question 44

The minimum frequency of light required to eject an electron from the surface of a metal in the photoelectric effect

Answer 44

Threshold frequnecy

Question 45

The distance between identical points n successive waves.

Answer 45

Wavelength λ

Question 46

Tiny, indivisible “packages” of energy.

Answer 46

Quanta (Plural of Quantum)

Question 47

Atoms with electron configurations in which there are one or more unpaired electrons.

Answer 47

Paramagnetic