Chapter 4 Flashcards
______ was the first person to study human emotions.
John B Watson
Emotional response to a stimulus that is acquired through Pavlovian conditioning is called _________.
Conditioned emotional response
Albert became fearful of the rat because the arrival of the rat regularly preceded a _______.
loud noise
Prejudice is an example of a _______.
CER (conditioned emotional response)
In the Garcia experiment, the CS is a ______ and the US is _______.
saccharin // radiation
Advertisers pair their products with items that arouse ______ emotions.
positive
Classical conditioning provides explanations for the basic phenomena of a drug addiction, ______, _______, _______ and ________.
the high, the tolerance, withdrawal symptoms and relapse.
Classical conditioning appears to be a way of helping to diagnose several medical disorders, one of which is __________.
dementia/Alzheimer`s disease/deafness/autism/obsessive-compulsive disorder
Using Pavlovian conditioning to reverse unwanted effects of prior conditioning is called _________.
counterconditioning
Being gradually exposed to fear-evoking stimulus while feeling relaxed is called ________.
exposure therapy
Moving from one scene to the next in a fear situation, pairing each scene with relaxing stimulus until it no longer causes discomfort is called __________.
systematic desensitization
_____________ is a realistic electronic environment to help reduce fear.
Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET)
_______ is a product of a classical conditioning, acquired through association of a group with negative words or images. The same kinds of experiences that produce prejudice can also reverse it, although the more severe the prejudice the more difficult to reverse.
Prejudice
________ is a CS that elicits in appropriate sexual arousal followed by a harmful/unpleasant US. Stimuli that once elicited sexual arousal no longer do so.
Aversion therapy
The phenomenon of __________ suggests that we are more likely to develop aversions to novel foods than to familiar ones.
latent inhibition
People used to believe that children were instinctively afraid of fire, animals, and many other things. Watson and Rosalie Rayner found that many such fears were not ______ but were acquired through _________.
innate // conditioning
The first person to use counterconditioning to treat a phobia was probably ________.
Mary Cover Jones
The work of Staats and Staats suggests that prejudice may be partly the result of _____________.
higher-order conditioning
In aversion therapy, a stimulus that elicits an inappropriate response is paired with an aversive stimulus such as ______ or an _______.
a shock // emetic drug
One VRET program for treating spider phobias is called _________.
SpinderWorld
The use of classical conditioning to change feelings is called ____________.
evaluative conditioning
People are most likely to tolerate painful and humiliating events if these events consistently precede _______ events.
positive
Blue jays usually do not eat Monarch butterflies. This is an example of a _____________.
conditioned taste aversion
Senatorial candidate Smith`s popularity increased dramatically after he was seen on television shaking hands with a very popular public figure. This is probably an example of _____________.
emotional conditioning
Exposure therapy is really a form of ____________.
counterconditioning
Studies of taste aversion demonstrate that conditioning can occur despite a ______________.
long inter-stimulus interval
