Chapter 1

Question 1

Evolution can occur through ____ in our environment, and ______ ______.

Answer 1

changes // natural selection

Question 2

A reflex is _____ between a specific _____ and a simple ______.

Answer 2

relation/relationship // event/stimulus // behavior/response

Question 3

A reflex is not a kind of behavior, but a _____.

Answer 3

relationship

Question 4

Reflexes are subject to ______ which means an increase in the strength of the reflex response, and ______ which means a decrease in the strength of the reflex response.

Answer 4

sensitization // habituation

Question 5

Modal action patterns differ from reflexes in that MAPs involve the ______ organism and are more ____ and ____.

Answer 5

whole/entire // complex // variable

Question 6

Modal action patterns are a series of _____ ___found in all or nearly all members of _____.

Answer 6

related acts // species

Question 7

A particular kind of event that triggers/elicits a MAP is called a ____.

Answer 7

releaser

Question 8

The chief problem with natural selection is that it is ____.

Answer 8

slow

Question 9

The chief limitation of _____ _____ as a mechanism for coping with change is that it is ____.

Answer 9

natural selection // slow

Question 10

Natural selection helps the species to adapt to ____, not the ______.

Answer 10

change // individual

Question 11

Darwin likened natural selection to the ______ ______ of animals.

Answer 11

artificial selection/breeding

Question 12

Behavior is anything an organism does that can be _____.

Answer 12

measured

Question 13

A ______ is an environmental event that is capable of affecting behavior.

Answer 13

stimulus

Question 14

Habituation involves a _____ in the probability or intensity of a response.

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

______ is a reduction in the probability of a response due to ______ ______ to a stimulus that elicits that response.

Answer 15

Habituation // repeated exposure

Question 16

Sensitization involves an _______ in the probability or intensity of a reflex response.

Answer 16

increase

Question 17

Kuo`s experiment showed that whether cats killed rats depended on whether they ………….

Answer 17

saw their mothers kill rats.

Question 18

Learning is a change in _____ due to ______.

Answer 18

behavior // experience

Question 19

Learning ability evolved because it had _____ ____.

Answer 19

survival value

Question 20

_____ can be thought of an evolved modifiability.

Answer 20

Learning

Question 21

The color red is a ______ for _____ in the male stickleback.

Answer 21

releaser // aggression

Question 22

The fox-breeding study ______ _____ foxes on the basis of behavior.

Answer 22

selectively mated

Question 23

The human fondness for sugar and ____ illustrates that behavior that has survival value at one time may be ______ at another time.

Answer 23

salt // harmful

Question 24

The sight of a chick with an open mouth reliably results in an adult bird providing food. The chick`s open mouth is an example of ______ (which then sets of _____).

Answer 24

releaser // modal action pattern/MAP

Question 25

In the Blind Watchmaker, Dawkins suggests that the arrangement of the _____ on a beach demonstrates how order can come out of disorder without intelligent intervention.

Answer 25

pebbles

Question 26

Peter and Rosemary Grant demonstrated natural selection in finches on the Galapagos Islands. They found that during drought, the number of finches with larger beaks ______, while the number of birds with smaller beaks _____.

Answer 26

increased // fell

Question 27

An aversive event is one that an organism ordinarily ____ or _____.

Answer 27

escapes // avoids

Question 28

Three kinds of behavior are strongly affected by genetics and therefore by natural selection. These are _____, _____ and general ______ _____.

Answer 28

reflexes // modal action patterns/MAPs // behavior traits