Chapter 4 Flashcards
Cephalocaudal Development
Refers to the principle that growth proceeds to the head down
Proximodistal development
Principle that growth and development proceed from the center of the body outward
Growth Norms
They are expectations for typical gains and variations in height and children based on their chronological age and ethnic background
Marasmus
A wasting disease in which the body’s fat and muscles are depleted
Kwashiorkor Disease
A malnutrition disease, found in children who experience a sudden deprivation of food and calories.
It is characterized by lethargy, wrinkled skin, and a bloating and swelling of the stomach, face, legs, and arms. The. It’s organs take all the nutrients and the hair becomes thin, brittle, and colorless
Circumcision
Oh 93
Cortex
The outer layer of the brain
Deferred Imitation
98
Dynamic Systems Theory
Describes how desperate abilities are blended together to provide more complex and effective ways of exploring and controlling the environment
Experience-dependent Brain Development
The growth that occurs in response to learning experiences. They vary on the individual, age and cultural differences
Experience-Expectant Brain Development
This occurs first. It’s when the brain depends on experiencing certain basic events and stimuli at key points in order to develop normally
Failure to Thrive
A condition where their weight is less than 80% of the norm of their age group without any medical reason such as illness
The most common cause is inadequate nutrition and eating too few calories.
Fine Motor Development
This refers to the ability to control small movements of the fingers such as reaching and grasping. It plays an important role in cognitive development because it involves a new way of interacting with the world.
Glial Cells
This is a second type of neural cell. These outnumber neurons and are support cells.
They provide physical structure
Move along to support the neurons of the brain
Gross Motor Development
Able to control the large movements of the body.
First milestone is the ability to roll over voluntarily which occurs roughly at 3 months
Habituation
Occurs when repeated exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual decline in the intensity frequency or duration of a response
Intermodal Perception
This is the process of combining information from more than one sensory system . Most stimuli are intermodal because they interact with more than one sense
Myelination
This occurs during the first two years of life. Glial cells produce and coat the axons with myelin.
Helps with communication, speed, protection
Is most rapid in infants from birth to 4 years old.
Neurogenesis
The creation of new neurons which begins in the embryos neural tube
Neurons
These are brain cells which are specialized to talk to one another to help people sense the world think move their body and carry out their lives
Perception
Innate learning capabilities which permit young infants to adapt quickly
Perception is when our brain makes sense of the stimulus and our awareness of it.
Reflexes
97
Sensation
This occurs when our senses detect a stimulus
Synapses
What the connects between neurons are called
Synaptic Pruning
The loss of unused neural connections.
The first three years are super important for stimulation
Synaptogenisis
As the sendrites grow and branch out, neurons form synapses and thereby increase connections with other neurons.
Peaks at different parts of the brain at different times
Vaccinations
Help to prevent infectious diseases which were once inevitable as a child.
