Chapter 4

Question 1

Cephalocaudal Development

Answer 1

Refers to the principle that growth proceeds to the head down

Question 2

Proximodistal development

Answer 2

Principle that growth and development proceed from the center of the body outward

Question 3

Growth Norms

Answer 3

They are expectations for typical gains and variations in height and children based on their chronological age and ethnic background

Question 4

Marasmus

Answer 4

A wasting disease in which the body’s fat and muscles are depleted

Question 5

Kwashiorkor Disease

Answer 5

A malnutrition disease, found in children who experience a sudden deprivation of food and calories.

It is characterized by lethargy, wrinkled skin, and a bloating and swelling of the stomach, face, legs, and arms. The. It’s organs take all the nutrients and the hair becomes thin, brittle, and colorless

Question 6

Circumcision

Answer 6

Oh 93

Question 7

Cortex

Answer 7

The outer layer of the brain

Question 8

Deferred Imitation

Answer 8

98

Question 9

Dynamic Systems Theory

Answer 9

Describes how desperate abilities are blended together to provide more complex and effective ways of exploring and controlling the environment

Question 10

Experience-dependent Brain Development

Answer 10

The growth that occurs in response to learning experiences. They vary on the individual, age and cultural differences

Question 11

Experience-Expectant Brain Development

Answer 11

This occurs first. It’s when the brain depends on experiencing certain basic events and stimuli at key points in order to develop normally

Question 12

Failure to Thrive

Answer 12

A condition where their weight is less than 80% of the norm of their age group without any medical reason such as illness

The most common cause is inadequate nutrition and eating too few calories.

Question 13

Fine Motor Development

Answer 13

This refers to the ability to control small movements of the fingers such as reaching and grasping. It plays an important role in cognitive development because it involves a new way of interacting with the world.

Question 14

Glial Cells

Answer 14

This is a second type of neural cell. These outnumber neurons and are support cells.

They provide physical structure

Move along to support the neurons of the brain

Question 15

Gross Motor Development

Answer 15

Able to control the large movements of the body.

First milestone is the ability to roll over voluntarily which occurs roughly at 3 months

Question 16

Habituation

Answer 16

Occurs when repeated exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual decline in the intensity frequency or duration of a response

Question 17

Intermodal Perception

Answer 17

This is the process of combining information from more than one sensory system . Most stimuli are intermodal because they interact with more than one sense

Question 18

Myelination

Answer 18

This occurs during the first two years of life. Glial cells produce and coat the axons with myelin.

Helps with communication, speed, protection
Is most rapid in infants from birth to 4 years old.

Question 19

Neurogenesis

Answer 19

The creation of new neurons which begins in the embryos neural tube

Question 20

Neurons

Answer 20

These are brain cells which are specialized to talk to one another to help people sense the world think move their body and carry out their lives

Question 21

Perception

Answer 21

Innate learning capabilities which permit young infants to adapt quickly

Perception is when our brain makes sense of the stimulus and our awareness of it.

Question 22

Reflexes

Answer 22

97

Question 23

Sensation

Answer 23

This occurs when our senses detect a stimulus

Question 24

Synapses

Answer 24

What the connects between neurons are called

Question 25

Synaptic Pruning

Answer 25

The loss of unused neural connections.

The first three years are super important for stimulation

Question 26

Synaptogenisis

Answer 26

As the sendrites grow and branch out, neurons form synapses and thereby increase connections with other neurons.

Peaks at different parts of the brain at different times

Question 27

Vaccinations

Answer 27

Help to prevent infectious diseases which were once inevitable as a child.