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Anatomical Structure and Function > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

tissue

A

composed of cells and matrix

  • matrix (extracellular material)– composed of fibrous proteins and gel
  • epithelial
  • connective
  • muscle
  • nerve
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2
Q

Epithelial

A

simple-1 layer

stratified- more than 1 layer

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3
Q

squamous epithelium

A

flat

scaley

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4
Q

cubodial epithelium

A

cube shaped

equal in height/width

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5
Q

columnar epithelium

A

column like

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6
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

layer like

more tall than wide

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7
Q

fibrous connective tissue

A

binds tissues together

  • collagenous fibers
  • reticular fibers
  • elastic fibers
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8
Q

collagenous fibers

A

tough
flexible
resist stretching

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9
Q

reticular fibers

A

framework for organs

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10
Q

elastic fibers

A

spring effect (elastin)

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11
Q

adipose tissue

A

energy storage (primary)
protective cushion for organs
insulation
white fat, brown fat

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12
Q

brown fat is

A

heat generating

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13
Q

cartilage types

A

hyaline (end of bones)
elastic (ear)
fibrocartilage

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14
Q

what is bone?

A

hard solid matrix

formed by osteocytes

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15
Q

red blood cells (erythocytes)

A

transport oxygen

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16
Q

white blood cells (leukocytes)

A

fight infection

17
Q

platelets

A

clotting

18
Q

soma

A

cell body

19
Q

myocytes

A

muscle cells

20
Q

dendrites

A

form nerve impulses and transmit toward cell body

21
Q

axon

A

transmits impulses away from cell body

22
Q

smooth (not striated) muscle tissue

A

walls of hollow organs
slow contractions- digestive tract and blood vessel
involuntary

23
Q

cardiac (striated) muscle tissue

A

walls of heart

involuntary- not consciously controlled

24
Q

skeletal (striated) muscle tissue

A

attached to bone
moves head, trunk, extremities
voluntary- consciously controlled

25
Q

exocrine gland- duct

A

release on to surface or organ

-sweat, mammary, salivary glands

26
Q

endocrine gland- NO duct

A

release products into blood stream

-pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands

27
Q

body part with both exocrine and endocrine glands

A

pancreas- insulin- blood

pancreas- digestive enzymes- stomach

28
Q

hyperplasia

A

tissue growth through cell multiplication

-embryonic and childhood growth

29
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement of preexisting cells

-skeletal muscles and adipose tissue

30
Q

atrophy

A

tissue loss in cell size or #

-lack of use

31
Q

necrosis

A

“unprogrammed” cell death

due to trauma, toxins, infection

32
Q

infarction

A

blood supply cut off

33
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

normal death of cells that have completed their job

Anatomical Structure and Function (7 decks)

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