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Biology 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What theory states All organisms are composed of one or more cells.Cells are the basic living unit of structure and function in organisms and All cells come only from other cells.’

A

Cell Theory

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2
Q

Factors affecting the quality of the image

A

Magnification, Resolution, and Contrast

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3
Q

What are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface?

A

Fimbriae

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4
Q

What is the function of a bacterium’s capsule?

A

Protection

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5
Q

Where is a bacterial cell’s DNA found?

A

nucleoid region

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6
Q

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

A

Cell Wall

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8
Q

What is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

A

Plasma Membrane

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9
Q

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

A

Lysosome

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10
Q

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? mitochondrion … photosynthesis central vacuole … storage lysosome … movement ribosome … manufacture of lipids nucleus … cellular respiration

A

Central Vacuole

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11
Q

Which of the following may be found in eukaryotic cells, but not in bacteria?

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct? Most of the phospholipids of the endomembrane system are synthesized in the mitochondria. The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane. Mitochondria function in the modification and sorting of lipids and proteins. Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system. Ribosomes move lipids and proteins among the different organelles of the endomembrane system.

A

Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.

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13
Q

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that? animal cells are spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

A

plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

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14
Q

What is a Cytoskeleton?

A

is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components

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15
Q

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the __________.

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

Which of the following will be found in nearly all eukaryotic cells? chloroplast capsule nucleoid mitochondria cell wall

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? whether or not the cell contains DNA the presence or absence of ribosomes the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism

A

whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes

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18
Q

A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle? Enzymes for the breakdown of the food are delivered to the food vacuole from the cytosol. Proteins for digestion of the food are made by ribosomes in the Golgi apparatus. The membrane of the food vacuole is derived from the cell wall. Proteins for digestion of the food particle were initially processed in mitochondria. Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm.

A

Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm.

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19
Q

Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct? DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria. Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea. Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not.

A

DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria.

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20
Q

What are plasmodesmata?

A

Openings in the cell wall that allow things to enter and leave

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21
Q

What are the parts present in animal cells absent in plant cells?

A

Centrosomes and Lysosomes

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22
Q

What are the parts present in plant cells absent in animal cells?

A

Chloroplast and Cell wall

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23
Q

What are the parts present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Plasma Membrane, DNA, and Ribosomes

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24
Q

Which parts are always present in bacteria?

A

Nucleoid, Ribosomes, and Plasma Membrane

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25
Q

Which parts are variable (present in some absent in the others)?

A

Fimbriae, Cell Wall, Capsule, and Flagella

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26
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Stores DNA

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27
Q

What is nucleolus for?

A

Site or rRNA synthesis

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28
Q

What structure encloses the nuclear materials?

A

Nuclear Membrane

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29
Q

What structure regulates the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus?

A

Pore

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30
Q

What is the function of ribosomes.

A

Carry out protein synthesis

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31
Q

What substances composed ribosomes?

A

Particles made of ribosomal RNA and proteins

32
Q

What part of the cells ribosomes are located?

A

In the Cytosol, bound in ER and nuclear membrane

33
Q

What are the components of the endomembrane system?(There are 6)

A
  1. Nuclear envelope 2. Endoplasmic reticulum 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuoles 6. Plasma membrane
34
Q

True or False Rough ER has Ribosomes and Smooth ER doesn’t

A

True

35
Q

What are the functions of the smooth ER?(4)

A

Synthesizes lipids and steroids Metabolize carbohydrates Detoxifies drugs and poisons Stores calcium ions

36
Q

What are the functions of the rough ER?(3)

A

Has Bound ribosomes Distributes transport vesicles Membrane factory for the cell

37
Q

What are the functions of golgi bodies?(3)

A

Modifies products of the ER Manufactures certain macromolecules Sorts and Packages material into transport vesicles

38
Q

Golgi bodies are flattened membranous sacs called?

A

Cisternae

39
Q

Lysosome is membranous sac of _______ enzymes?

A

hydrolytic

40
Q

Do White or Red blood cells have more lysosomes?

A

White Blood cells

41
Q

What are the functions of lysosomes?

A

Digestion of proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids

42
Q

Vacuoles are membrane-bounded vesicle derived from what two things

A

Endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus

43
Q

What are the kinds of vacuoles?

A

Food, Contractile, and Central

44
Q

Food Vacuoles are

A

formed by phagocytosis, Only in Animal Cell

45
Q

Contractile vacuoles are

A

found in many freshwater protists pump excess water out of cells

46
Q

Central vacuoles are

A

found in many mature plant cells

47
Q

Give the functions of central vacuoles?

A

Functions: Digestion, Storage, Waste disposal, Water balance, Cell growth and Protection

48
Q

Give the functions of the plasma membrane?

A

Regulates Transport, also provides shape and protection

49
Q

Plasma membrane is semi-permeable? What is meant by semi-permeable?

A

Yes, Semi Permeable meaning it only lets certain molecules through its walls

50
Q

What macromolecules composed plasma membrane?

A

Composed of proteins and phospholipids

51
Q

Mitochondria has a _______ membrane? Single Double Triple

A

Double

52
Q

Why is the inner membrane wavy or have folds?

A

To increase the surface area

53
Q

What are contained in the matrix of the mitochondria?

A

Free ribosomes

54
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of cellular respiration

55
Q

What is the function of chloroplast?

A

Site of Photosynthesis

56
Q

The green pigment in the chloroplast is called?

A

Chlorophyll

57
Q

What are the 3 parts of the chloroplast?

A
  1. Thylakoids 2. Ribosome 3. Stroma
58
Q

Thylakoids that are stacked together are called?

A

Granum

59
Q

The liquid portion in the chloroplast is called the?

A

Stroma

60
Q

What is peroxisome?

A

Specialized metabolic compartments

61
Q

What is peroxisomes function?

A

to produce catalase, bounded by membranes

62
Q

What is the action of catalase?

A

Break hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. H2O2=H2O + O2

63
Q

What are the components of cytoskeletons?

A

Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments

64
Q

Describe each component of the Cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules-thickest Microfilaments- thinnest Intermediate filaments- diameters in a middle range

65
Q

What are the functions of the cell wall?

A

Protection Support Shape

66
Q

What is the major composition of cell walls in Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria?

A

plant - mainly cellulose fungi - mainly chitin bacteria – peptidoglycan

67
Q

Aside from the Nucleus where can you find DNA in Eukaryotic cells?

A

Chloroplast and Mitochondria

68
Q

Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. Structural support of cells B. Information storage C. Manufacturing D. Breakdown of macromolecules E. Energy processing

A

C, Manufacturing

69
Q

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but not plant cells? A. Golgi apparatus B. Plasma membrane C. Centrioles D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum E. Mitochondria

A

C, Centrioles

70
Q

What organelle is active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products possessed by eukaryotic cells.

A

Golgi apparatus

71
Q

Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? A. Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells. B. The ECM and plant cell walls completely cover the plasma membrane of their respective cells. C. The structures that are external to the plasma membrane are essentially independent of the plasma membrane in both groups. D. Both the ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine the shape of their respective cells. E. Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.

A

E, Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.

72
Q

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? A. The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER. B. Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. C. The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores. D. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores. E.The nucleolus passes through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

A

B, Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

73
Q

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? A. Golgi apparatus B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Central vacuole E. Cilia

A

Cilia

74
Q

If animal cells have lysosomes for digestion of macromolecules, what is for plant cell? A. peroxisomes B. ribosomes C. chromosomes D. central vacuoles

A

D, Central Vacuoles

75
Q

Which makes the plasma membrane semi-permeable? A. Hyrdrophillic nature of the exterior B. Hydrophillic nature of the interior C. Hydrophobic nature of the interior D. Hydrophobic nature of the exterior

A

C, Hydrophobic nature of the interior

Biology 1 (6 decks)

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