Chapter 4

Question 1

Two sociological tools

Answer 1

Critical thinking and sociological imagination

Question 2

Critical thinking

Answer 2

The ability to ask any question within reason, to be able to answer it, and to do so by leaving all bias and prejudice aside

Question 3

Sociological imagination

Answer 3

The ability to understand the relationship between individual experiences and society at large

Question 4

Sexual orientation (sexual identity)

Answer 4

A person’s preference for a partner of the same sex or a partner of a different sex

Question 5

Affectional orientation

Answer 5

Refers to a person’s emotional and physical attractions

Question 6

Homosexuals

Answer 6

Persons who are attracted to (or prefer) partners of the same sex

Question 7

Heterosexuals

Answer 7

Persons who are attracted to (or prefer) partners of the opposite sex

Question 8

Bisexuals

Answer 8

Persons who are attracted to or prefer partners of either sex

Question 9

Pansexuals

Answer 9

An identity that posits that men and women experiment with bisexuals and various gender expectations

Question 10

Structure- functional perspective

Answer 10

Sexuality looks to norms and values as regulators of sexual roles and sexual behavior

Question 11

Richard Udry

Answer 11

Prestigious bio-social theorist

Question 12

Bio-social perspective on human sexuality

Answer 12

Perspective advances that the role for men and women as it relates to their sexuality focus on the reproduction of offspring. Women are thought to be more discriminating when it comes to relationships, because the goal is to ultimately bear offspring. Women are more biologically restrictive than men. Generally, women can only have one successful pregnancy a year that results in the birth of a child. Men, on the other hand, may technically father many, many children in a year. Men are generally in a position to have more casual sex.

Question 13

Exchange perspective on human sexuality

Answer 13

Perspective suggests that sexuality and fertility are resources that can be exchanged for status, economic support, emotional support, protection, etc.

Question 14

Interpersonal exchange model

Answer 14

A subset of the exchange perspective, this model means that satisfaction between partners depends on costs and rewards of having a sexual relationship.

Question 15

Interactionalist perspective

Answer 15

Perspective emphasizes the negotiation of relationships using sexual scripts. Here, men and women are governed and influenced by sexual scripts they learn from society. And it is important to note as stressed by your instructor that sex is symbolic in that it can mean different things to different people.

Question 16

Patriarchal Sexuality Script

Answer 16

Early American Cultural Script on Sexuality. It advocates that men were seen as dominant. The beliefs and attitudes centered on sexuality as a way to protect the male line of descent. Sex was engaged for the benefit of male satisfaction and reproduction.

Question 17

Expressive Sexuality Script

Answer 17

The 20th century cultural Script. It advocates that during this period, women were seen as equal to men with regard to sexuality. Women also viewed sex as a means of satisfaction as well as reproduction. In the 60s both men and women increasingly viewed sex as a pleasure bond.

Question 18

Societal Standards for Non-Marital Sex

Answer 18

Abstinence, permissiveness with affection, permissiveness without affection, double standard

Question 19

Pleasuring

Answer 19

Engaging in sex with a partner without regard to whether or not either has reached an orgasm, but instead focusing on the pleasure of the act itself

Question 20

Spectatoring

Answer 20

While or after engaging in sex with a partner, removing oneself emotionally to evaluate you or your partner’s performance