Chapter 4

Question 1

Sea captain who made a daring voyage in 1492

Answer 1

Christopher Columbus

Question 2

Lands that are controlled by another country

Answer 2

Colonies

Question 3

Followers of Cortés; Spanish explorers

Answer 3

Conquistadors

Question 4

Convinced (at first) that Cortes was an armor-clad God

Answer 4

Montezuma II

Question 5

Conquered Inca Empire

Answer 5

Francisco Pizarro

Question 6

Natives farmed, ranches, or mined for Spanish land lords

Answer 6

Encomienda

Question 7

Why did Columbus set sail on the Atlantic?

Answer 7

To become wealthy, and to find an alternate trade route to Asia

Question 8

Lost three goals of the Spanish in the Americas.

Answer 8

THE THREE G’S: GLORY, GOD, GOLD

Question 9

Why did the pope lead a rebellion against the Spanish?

Answer 9

The Spanish were oppressing and abusing the natives.

Question 10

Region called Quebec: claimed by Samuel de Champlain

Answer 10

New France

Question 11

Settlement colonists landed on and named after their king

Answer 11

Jamestown

Question 12

Founded colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts to escape religious persecution in England

Answer 12

Pilgrims

Question 13

Sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay

Answer 13

Puritans

Question 14

Dutch holdings of North America

Answer 14

New Netherlands

Question 15

Dispute over land claims in the Ohio Valley: “Seven Years War”

Answer 15

French and Indian War

Question 16

Led an attack on 52 colonial villages throughout Massachusetts: also known as King Philip

Answer 16

Metacom

Question 17

What did the Europeans mostly grow in their Caribbean colonies?

Answer 17

Sugar and Tobacco

Question 18

What was the result of the French and Indian War?

Answer 18

British seized control of nearly the entire eastern half of North America: French surrendered most of their colonial holdings

Question 19

Buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas

Answer 19

Atlantic Slave Trade

Question 20

Trading network in which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, Europe, West Indies, and the colonies

Answer 20

Triangular Trade

Question 21

Brought Africans to West Indies, and later to north and South America to be sold as slaves; middle leg of the triangular trade

Answer 21

Middle Passage

Question 22

What factors led European colonies to use Africans to resupply their labor force?

Answer 22

natives started dying from diseases, Africans had built up immunity to this disease, Africans had experience in farming, less likely to escape because they didn’t know the land

Question 23

Describe the conditions on board a Slave ship.

Answer 23

Packed right next to each other, fell victim to whippings and bearings from merchants, diseases swept through the ship, smell of blood, sweat, and waste spread through the ship, often lived in their own vomit and waste, some Africans chose to take their own life by jumping in the ocean, while others died of disease

Question 24

Name several ways in which enslaved Africans resisted their position in the Americas.

Answer 24

Made themselves less productive by working slower, led revolts against their owners, kept their cultures alive by telling stories about their ancestries and singing songs, and thousands of slaves ran away

Question 25

Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during colonization of the Americas

Answer 25

Columbian exchange

Question 26

Expansion of trade and businesses that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries

Answer 26

Commercial Revolution

Question 27

Economic system based on private ownership and investe,ent of wealth for profit

Answer 27

Capitalism

Question 28

Involved a number of people pooling their wealth for a common purpose

Answer 28

Joint-Stock Company

Question 29

Country’s power depended mainly on its wealth

Answer 29

Mercantilism

Question 30

Sold more goods than it bought

Answer 30

Favorable Balance of Trade

Question 31

Why was the introduction of corn and potatoes to Europe and Asia so significant?

Answer 31

Inexpensive to grow, highly nutritious, steady parts of diets thought out the world, helped people live longer and healthier lives, thus playing a significant role in boosting world’s population

Question 32

Explain economic policy of mercantilism.

Answer 32

Says that a country’s power depended mainly on its wealth, two ways to get wealth is to find it and to have a favorable balance of trade

Question 33

Conquered Aztec empire

Answer 33

Hernando Cortés