Chapter 4 Flashcards
Sea captain who made a daring voyage in 1492
Christopher Columbus
Lands that are controlled by another country
Colonies
Followers of Cortés; Spanish explorers
Conquistadors
Convinced (at first) that Cortes was an armor-clad God
Montezuma II
Conquered Inca Empire
Francisco Pizarro
Natives farmed, ranches, or mined for Spanish land lords
Encomienda
Why did Columbus set sail on the Atlantic?
To become wealthy, and to find an alternate trade route to Asia
Lost three goals of the Spanish in the Americas.
THE THREE G’S: GLORY, GOD, GOLD
Why did the pope lead a rebellion against the Spanish?
The Spanish were oppressing and abusing the natives.
Region called Quebec: claimed by Samuel de Champlain
New France
Settlement colonists landed on and named after their king
Jamestown
Founded colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts to escape religious persecution in England
Pilgrims
Sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay
Puritans
Dutch holdings of North America
New Netherlands
Dispute over land claims in the Ohio Valley: “Seven Years War”
French and Indian War
Led an attack on 52 colonial villages throughout Massachusetts: also known as King Philip
Metacom
What did the Europeans mostly grow in their Caribbean colonies?
Sugar and Tobacco
What was the result of the French and Indian War?
British seized control of nearly the entire eastern half of North America: French surrendered most of their colonial holdings
Buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas
Atlantic Slave Trade
Trading network in which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, Europe, West Indies, and the colonies
Triangular Trade
Brought Africans to West Indies, and later to north and South America to be sold as slaves; middle leg of the triangular trade
Middle Passage
What factors led European colonies to use Africans to resupply their labor force?
natives started dying from diseases, Africans had built up immunity to this disease, Africans had experience in farming, less likely to escape because they didn’t know the land
Describe the conditions on board a Slave ship.
Packed right next to each other, fell victim to whippings and bearings from merchants, diseases swept through the ship, smell of blood, sweat, and waste spread through the ship, often lived in their own vomit and waste, some Africans chose to take their own life by jumping in the ocean, while others died of disease
Name several ways in which enslaved Africans resisted their position in the Americas.
Made themselves less productive by working slower, led revolts against their owners, kept their cultures alive by telling stories about their ancestries and singing songs, and thousands of slaves ran away
Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during colonization of the Americas
Columbian exchange
Expansion of trade and businesses that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries
Commercial Revolution
Economic system based on private ownership and investe,ent of wealth for profit
Capitalism
Involved a number of people pooling their wealth for a common purpose
Joint-Stock Company
Country’s power depended mainly on its wealth
Mercantilism
Sold more goods than it bought
Favorable Balance of Trade
Why was the introduction of corn and potatoes to Europe and Asia so significant?
Inexpensive to grow, highly nutritious, steady parts of diets thought out the world, helped people live longer and healthier lives, thus playing a significant role in boosting world’s population
Explain economic policy of mercantilism.
Says that a country’s power depended mainly on its wealth, two ways to get wealth is to find it and to have a favorable balance of trade
Conquered Aztec empire
Hernando Cortés
