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A&P Short Answer First Semester > Chapter 4-6 > Flashcards

Chapter 4-6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Articular, costal, respiratory, nasal cartilage

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3
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Found: External Ear and epiglottis

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4
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Menisci of knee; vertebral discs

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5
Q

What are the types of muscles?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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6
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations

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7
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

Branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs).

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8
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei; no striations; cells arranged closely to form sheets.

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9
Q

What are the classification of burns?

A

1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a 1st degree burn?

A

burns where the epidermal layer is the only layer damaged and it causes redness, edema, and pain.

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of a 2nd degree burn?

A

burns where the epidermal and upper dermal are damaged and causes blisters.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a 3rd degree burn?

A

burns all 3 layers of skin does not hurt because nerve fibers are burnt leaves victim susceptible to disease.

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13
Q

What is the ABCD rule?

A 
The things that are watched for in cancerous moles:
Asymmetry
Border irregularity 
Color 
Diameter
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14
Q

Define asymmetry

A

The two sides of the pigmented spot or mole do not match

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15
Q

Define Border irregularity

A

The borders of the lesion exhibit indentions.

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16
Q

Define color

A

he pigmented spot contains several colors (blacks, browns, tans, and sometimes blues and reds).

17
Q

Define Diameter

A

The spot is larger than 6mm in diameter (the size of a pencil eraser).

18
Q

What is the function of the Epidermis ?

A

The outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tones and is protective shield for the body.

19
Q

what is the function of the dermis?

A

which provides structure and support.

20
Q

What is the function of the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

Highly vascularized, Borders the stratum basale of epidermis, Touch and pain receptors, On palms and soles, these papillae lie atop dermal ridges, which produce whorled epidermal ridges (fingerprints)

21
Q

What is the function of the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

Collagen binds water, helping to hydrate the skin,
Elastin fibers give skin elasticity, Dense irregular connective tissue give skin strength, Contains LARGER blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerve fibers

22
Q

What is the function of the hypodermis?

A

is a subcutaneous (just beneath the skin) fat that functions as insulation and padding for the body.

23
Q

Describe a unit of bone and the structures found in it

A

The basic structural unit of compact bone; consists of central canal, lamellae (rings), lacunae, osteocytes and canaliculi

24
Q

What is the central canal?

A

a space running longitudinally through the centre of an osteon, containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

25
Q

What is the lacunae?

A

small spaces (little pockets) between the lamellae (rings) of compact bone which contain osteocytes

26
Q

What’s The function of the canaliculi?

A

tiny canals radiating in all directions from lacunae, allowing for communication between osteocytes and the passing of materials that make up the matrix

27
Q

WHat is the function of lamellae?

A

concentric rings of bone matrix that radiate out from central canal

28
Q

Define tuberosity

A

Large rounded projection

29
Q

Define crest

A

narrow ridge of bone usually prominent

30
Q

Define tubercle

A

small rounded projection or process

31
Q

Define spine

A

sharp slender often pointed projection

32
Q

Define Process

A

Any bony prominence

33
Q

Define head

A

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

34
Q

Define ramus

A

armlike bar of bone

35
Q

Define groove

A

furrow

36
Q

Define fissure

A

narrow slitlike opening

37
Q

Define foramen

A

Round or oval opening through a bone

38
Q

Define meatus

A

Canal-like passageway

39
Q

Define Wolff’s Law

A

Bones grow or remodel in response to demands placed on it

A&P Short Answer First Semester (4 decks)

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