Chapter 4 Flashcards
most processes are ——–
reversible
Dynamic Equilibrium:
rate of forward reactions= rate of reverse reaction. Concentrations of reactants and products no longer change
dynamic equilibrium does not imply what?
that the concentrations are equal at equilibrium
K»1
the position of equilibrium favors the forward reaction or products or the equilibrium shifts to the right. More produts than reactants.
K«1
the posotion of the equilbirium favors reactants or the equilibrium shifts to the left. Favors the reverse reaction and there will be more reactants than products.
what is the relationship between Kp and Kc when triangle n is 0
Kp=Kc
what are the units for Kc and Kp?
Kc is expressed in molarity
Kp is expressed in pressure unites such as in atmospheres
at a given temperature what is the equilibrium constant?
always the same regardless of the initial temp
ICE stands for?
initial
change
equilibrium
Reaction quotient Qc:
as the ratio- at any point in the reaction- of the concentrations of the products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients
Reaction quotient Qp:
for gases with quantities measured in atmospheres, the reaction quotient uses the partial pressure in place of concentration and is called Qp
the reaction quotient depends on what?
on the current state of the reaction and has many different values as the reaction proceeds
Q less than K
Q greater than K
Q=K
reaction goes toward the right, products are favored
reaction goes to the left, reactants are favpred
reaction is at equilibrium- the reaction does not proceed in either direction, The products and reactants will not change
if the reaction mixture contains just reactants Q=0 then the reaction will proceed in what direction?
forward
if a reaction mixture contains Q= infinity the reaction will proceed in what direction?
reverse direction
The x is small approximation simply means what?
that when x is added or subtracted to another number it does not change that number by very much.
L Chateliers principle:
when a chemcial system at equilibrium is distrubed the system shifts in a direction that minimizes the disturbace.
equilibrium will shift in what direction?
away from side with added chemicals or towards side with removed chemicals
what is the rule of solids when it come to Le chataliers principle?
solids have a constant concentration and therefore has no effect on the position of the equilibrium
what happens if we increase pressure by adding an inert gas to the mixture?
there is no effect.
when the volume decreases or pressure increases the equilibrium shifts what way?
to the side with the fewer moles of gas particles.
when volume increases or pressure decrease the equilibrium shifts what way?
toward side with more moles of gas particles.
In an exothermic reaction where is the shift? K will be?
shift to the right, larger K
In an endothermic reaction where is the shift? K will be?
shift to left, smaller K
