Chapter 1

Question 1

energy:

Answer 1

the capacity to do work

Question 2

mass:

Answer 2

is a measure of the gravitaional pull on the matter within it

Question 3

what is weight?

Answer 3

is a measure of the gravitational pull on the matter within it

Question 4

K=

Answer 4

C+ 273.15

Question 5

Density=

Answer 5

mass/volume

Question 6

intensive property and example?

Answer 6

independent of the amount of a substance like density

Question 7

example of extensive property?

Answer 7

mass

Question 8

accuracy:

Answer 8

refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value

Question 9

precision:

Answer 9

refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducbile they are.

Question 10

Random error:

Answer 10

error that has equal possibility of being too high or to low can average itself out with enough trials.

Question 11

systematic error:

Answer 11

error that tends toward being either too high or too low. Systematic error does not average out with repeated trials

Question 12

Avogadro’s number:

Answer 12

6.022 X10^23

Question 13

chemical reaction:

Answer 13

a process in which one or more substances are converted into one or more different substances.

Question 14

combustion reaction:

Answer 14

is a particular type of chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen containing compounds.

Question 15

the cofefficients in a chemical reaction specify what?

Answer 15

the relative amounts in moles of each of the substances involved in the reaction.

Question 16

limiting reacatant:

Answer 16

the reactant that limits the amount of product in chemical reaction.

Question 17

theoretical yield:

Answer 17

the amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the amount of limiting reactant.

Question 18

actual yield:

Answer 18

the amount of product actually produced by a chemical reaction

Question 19

percent yield:

Answer 19

the percentage of the theoretical yield that was actually attained.

Question 20

solution:

Answer 20

homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

Question 21

solvent:

Answer 21

majority component of a solution

Question 22

solute:

Answer 22

minority component of a solution

Question 23

Aqueous solution:

Answer 23

a solution in which water acts as the solvent

Question 24

Dilute solution:

Answer 24

one that contains a small amount of solute relative to the solvent.

Question 25

Concentrated solution:

Answer 25

one that contains a large amount of solute relative to the solvent

Question 26

Molarity (M)

Answer 26

amount of solute (in mol) / volume of solution (L)

Question 27

What are Net Ionic Equations?

Answer 27

are equations that show only the soluble, strong electrolytes reacting (these are represented as ions) and omit the spectator ions, which go through the reaction unchanged.

Question 28

what is an ion?

Answer 28

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Question 29

what is a spectator ion?

Answer 29

is an ion that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction.