Chapter 1 Flashcards
energy:
the capacity to do work
mass:
is a measure of the gravitaional pull on the matter within it
what is weight?
is a measure of the gravitational pull on the matter within it
K=
C+ 273.15
Density=
mass/volume
intensive property and example?
independent of the amount of a substance like density
example of extensive property?
mass
accuracy:
refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value
precision:
refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducbile they are.
Random error:
error that has equal possibility of being too high or to low can average itself out with enough trials.
systematic error:
error that tends toward being either too high or too low. Systematic error does not average out with repeated trials
Avogadro’s number:
6.022 X10^23
chemical reaction:
a process in which one or more substances are converted into one or more different substances.
combustion reaction:
is a particular type of chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen containing compounds.
the cofefficients in a chemical reaction specify what?
the relative amounts in moles of each of the substances involved in the reaction.
limiting reacatant:
the reactant that limits the amount of product in chemical reaction.
theoretical yield:
the amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the amount of limiting reactant.
actual yield:
the amount of product actually produced by a chemical reaction
percent yield:
the percentage of the theoretical yield that was actually attained.
solution:
homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances
solvent:
majority component of a solution
solute:
minority component of a solution
Aqueous solution:
a solution in which water acts as the solvent
Dilute solution:
one that contains a small amount of solute relative to the solvent.
Concentrated solution:
one that contains a large amount of solute relative to the solvent
Molarity (M)
amount of solute (in mol) / volume of solution (L)
What are Net Ionic Equations?
are equations that show only the soluble, strong electrolytes reacting (these are represented as ions) and omit the spectator ions, which go through the reaction unchanged.
what is an ion?
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
what is a spectator ion?
is an ion that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction.
