Chapter 2

Question 1

Kinetic energy:

Answer 1

the energy associated with the motion of an obkect

Question 2

Thermal energy:

Answer 2

the energy associate with the temperature of an object

Question 3

Potential enrgy:

Answer 3

the energy associated with the position or composition of an object

Question 4

examples of kinetic energy:

Answer 4

electrical, heat/thermal, light/radiant

Question 5

examples of potential energy:

Answer 5

Nuclear, chemical

Question 6

The law of conservation of energy states what?

Answer 6

that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. Energy can however, be transffered from one object to another and it can assume different forms.

Question 7

The first lawof thermodynamics is what?

Answer 7

is the law of energy conservation, the total energy of the universe is constant

Question 8

what is the Internal Energy (E) of a system?

Answer 8

is the sume of the kinetic and potential energies of all of the particles that compose the system.

Question 9

is internal energy a state function? why or why not?

Answer 9

Yes, which means that its value depends only on the stae of the system, not on how the system arrived at that state.

Question 10

if triangle E is positive what direction is energy flow?

If triangle E is negative what direction is energy flow?

Answer 10

\+= energy flows into the system and out of the surroundings
-= energy flows into the surroundings anf out of the system

Question 11

a system can exchange energy with its surroundings through —— and —–

Answer 11

heat and work

Question 12

are heat and work state functions?

Answer 12

NO! Their values depends on the process

Question 13

thermal equilibrium:

Answer 13

heat flows from matter with high temp to matter with low temp until both reach the same temp

Question 14

whats the difference between temperature and heat?

Answer 14

temperature is a measure of thermal energy and heat is the transfer of thermal energy

Question 15

the constant of proportionality between 1 and triangle T is what?

Answer 15

heat capacity (C) the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of the system by 1 degreed C

Question 16

the higher the heat capacity of a system the ——- the change in temperature for a given amount of absorbed heat

Answer 16

smaller

Question 17

heat capacity of an object depends on what?

Answer 17

1. the amount of matter being heated- extensive property

2. the type of material

Question 18

specific heat capacity (Cs):

Answer 18

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree C. Units are J/gXC

Question 19

molar heat capacity:

Answer 19

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1 degrees C. Units J/molXC

Question 20

are specific and molar heat capacity intensive or extensive properties?

Answer 20

Intensive properties- they depends on the kind of substance being heated not on the amount.

Question 21

Pressure volume work:

Answer 21

occurs when the force is the result of a volume change against

Question 22

if w is positive:

if w is negative:

Answer 22

positive: work is done on the system by the surroundings
Negative: Work is done on the surroundings by the system.

Question 23

If a bomb calorimeter is used what does this tell us about the volume?

Answer 23

constant

Question 24

If no heat escapes from the calorimeter than what?

Answer 24

the amount of heat gained by the calorimeter must exactly equal that released by the reaction

Question 25

enthalpy (H):

Answer 25

is the sum of the systems internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.

Question 26

which of the following are state functions?

energy, pressure or volume?

Answer 26

all of them!

Question 27

is enthalpy a state function?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

what is the difference between triangle E and triagle H?

Answer 28

triangle E is a measure of all of the energy (heat and work) exchanged with the surroundings, while triangle H is a measure of only the heat exchanged under conditions of constant pressure

Question 29

endothermic:

Answer 29

absorbs heat from its surroundings

Question 30

exothermic:

Answer 30

gives off heat to its surroundings

Question 31

label the following as either endothermic or exothermic?

evaporation, feeezing, deposition, sublimation, metling/fusion, condensation

Answer 31

endothermic: evaporation, metling/fusion, sublimation
exothermic: condensation, freezing, deposition

Question 32

what is the source of an exothermic chemical reaction?

Answer 32

potential energy

Question 33

chemical potnetial energy arises from what?

Answer 33

arises primarily from the electrostatic forces between the protons and electrongs that compose the atoms and molecules within the system.

Question 34

enthalpy of reation or heat of reaction (triangle Hrxn) depends on what?

Answer 34

the amount of material.

Question 35

Triangle H rxn is an extensive property and therefore depends on what?

Answer 35

the quantity of reactant undergoing reaction.

Question 36

Hess’s Law:

Answer 36

The change in enthalpy for a stepwise process is the sum of the enthalpy changes of the steps

Question 37

is triangle Hrxn a state function?

Answer 37

yes becuase it depends only on the initial and final states and not on the pathway the reaction follows.

Question 38

standard enthalpy change (triangle H degree)

Answer 38

The standard enthalpy change is the change in enthalpy for a process when all reactants and products are in their standard states.

Question 39

vaporization:

Answer 39

liquid to gas

Question 40

condensation:

Answer 40

gas to liquid

Question 41

what is volatile and nonvolatile?

Answer 41

volatile= vaporizes easily
nonvolatile= does not vaporize easily

Question 42

is vaporization or condensation an endothermic process?

Answer 42

vaporization= endothermic
condensation= exothermic

Question 43

heat of vaporization (triangle H vap)

Answer 43

the amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a liquid to gas

Question 44

Boiling Point:

Answer 44

temp at which its vapor pressure equals the external pressure

Question 45

sublimation:

Answer 45

solid to gas

Question 46

deposition:

Answer 46

gas to solid

Question 47

is melting endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 47

endothermic! therefore freezing is exothermic