Chapter 2 Flashcards
Kinetic energy:
the energy associated with the motion of an obkect
Thermal energy:
the energy associate with the temperature of an object
Potential enrgy:
the energy associated with the position or composition of an object
examples of kinetic energy:
electrical, heat/thermal, light/radiant
examples of potential energy:
Nuclear, chemical
The law of conservation of energy states what?
that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. Energy can however, be transffered from one object to another and it can assume different forms.
The first lawof thermodynamics is what?
is the law of energy conservation, the total energy of the universe is constant
what is the Internal Energy (E) of a system?
is the sume of the kinetic and potential energies of all of the particles that compose the system.
is internal energy a state function? why or why not?
Yes, which means that its value depends only on the stae of the system, not on how the system arrived at that state.
if triangle E is positive what direction is energy flow?
If triangle E is negative what direction is energy flow?
\+= energy flows into the system and out of the surroundings -= energy flows into the surroundings anf out of the system
a system can exchange energy with its surroundings through —— and —–
heat and work
are heat and work state functions?
NO! Their values depends on the process
thermal equilibrium:
heat flows from matter with high temp to matter with low temp until both reach the same temp
whats the difference between temperature and heat?
temperature is a measure of thermal energy and heat is the transfer of thermal energy
the constant of proportionality between 1 and triangle T is what?
heat capacity (C) the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of the system by 1 degreed C
the higher the heat capacity of a system the ——- the change in temperature for a given amount of absorbed heat
smaller
heat capacity of an object depends on what?
- the amount of matter being heated- extensive property
2. the type of material
specific heat capacity (Cs):
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree C. Units are J/gXC
molar heat capacity:
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1 degrees C. Units J/molXC
are specific and molar heat capacity intensive or extensive properties?
Intensive properties- they depends on the kind of substance being heated not on the amount.
Pressure volume work:
occurs when the force is the result of a volume change against
if w is positive:
if w is negative:
positive: work is done on the system by the surroundings
Negative: Work is done on the surroundings by the system.
If a bomb calorimeter is used what does this tell us about the volume?
constant
If no heat escapes from the calorimeter than what?
the amount of heat gained by the calorimeter must exactly equal that released by the reaction
